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Chapter 3: Northern Colonies
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Quick Reformation Story
Martin Luther creates 95 Theses in Wittenberg List of problems with Catholic Church Bible alone was the sole word of God and Faith- through salvation
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Catholic/Protestants
Catholic Salvation: Good Works, Faith, Obedience to the Pope. Protestant Salvation: Faith alone, Only authority is the Bible.
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Calvinism John Calvin- Geneva, Institutes of the Christian Religion. 1536 Predestination- God pre-selects the chosen and the damned. Good works play no factor.
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Calvinism (Continued)
People are looking at their experiences and behavior for signs of salvation. The saved were expected to demonstrate correct behavior. “Visible Saints”
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Puritanism The “purification” of the English Church
Want to see the Catholicism out of the Church Drawn to the Calvinist doctrine because of its emphasis of divine order
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Puritans in America 102 Puritans arrive off coast of New England Only one person dies in trip, One person born on the ship. They decided on Plymouth after surveying the land.
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Puritans (contd) Since these Puritans were out on their own, they were considered squatters with no legal right to the land. Mayflower Compact: Precedent of Self-Government (US Constitution)
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Plymouth Wanted to maintain the purity of the Colony(no non-believers)
Plymouth never becomes major(merges in 1691 with Mass. Bay.) Puritan Work Ethic
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Autumn of 1621 The First Thanksgiving
Plymouth learns to survive(Fur,Fish and Lumber) Proves that northern colonies are possible.
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Massachusetts Bay 1629- Reformers receive a charter for Mass. Bay Company(Joint-Stock Company) Well-equipped with provisions and financial backing
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The Great Migration 1630’s- 70,000 people leave England. 20,000 come to Massachusetts Prosperous and educated people come to Mass. Bay John Winthrop- Governor(“City upon a Hill”)
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Government Structure All church-going men given right to vote in colonial elections Town election sare more inclusive: any property- holding man can vote.
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Government (contd.) Provincial Assembly- the General Court elected to create laws for the colony. Only those eligible for church membership can vote for governor and the General Court. Everyone paid taxes to the Church
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Religious Leaders Held power of deciding church membership
John Cotton- Government enforcement of God’s law Congregations could remove clergy. The Clergy can’t hold office.
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Trouble comes to Mass. Community trouble comes from religious dissention Anne Hutchinson- Critic of Puritan Church. Challenged Predestination(no need to obey God’s law or man’s law) Antinomianism- Against the Law
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Rhode Island Roger Williams arrives in Providence - 1636
Established complete religious freedom, no taxes to church, no loyalty oath, no compulsory attendance Most Progressive of the Colonies
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Rhode Island The colony becomes a safe place for those that don’t belong anywhere else. Charter- 1644
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Hartford 1635- Puritans move to the Hartford area for new land. Connecticut River Valley 1639- Fundamental Orders, first modern constitution
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New Haven 1638- Puritan haven. The colonist wanted a closer church- government alliance. Both Hartford and New Haven are squatter colonies in the begining.
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New England Confederation
states unite to form New England Confederation United for common defense(Natives , Dutch, French)
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Confederation(contd.)
Puritan Colonies- Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven , “Hartford” 2 votes for each colony
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English Civil War Charles I- Too much control, deposed by rebels, beheaded in 1649 Oliver Cromwell- leader of Rebels, Becomes a military dictator
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Dominion of New England
1686- Imposed by the crown Common defense Administered the Navigation Laws
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Navigation Laws Stricter control of the colonies
Couldn’t trade with Non- Englishmen Smuggling is common/respectable
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Glorious Revolution 1688-9 James II- dethroned, dictator, Catholic
Installed- William III and Mary II (James’ daughter) College of William and Mary
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Salutary Neglect William III Mary II relax the navigation laws
Begin tradition of “salutary neglect” English officials remain in Colonies. Appointed in England.
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Henry Hudson 1609- Head of the Dutch East India Company Englishmen
Tried to find the Northwest Passage
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New Netherlands Manhattan- Dutch West India Company “buys” from Native Americans New Amsterdam- N.Y.C.
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New Amsterdam City was run for the company, by the company.
limited self-government, Aristocratic Patroonships- large land grants, given to promoters who could bring people
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Dutch East India Comp. Colony is weak. Because of investor demands.
The Dutch East India company- Investors want their dividends paid(share of the profits of the company). Colony is weak. Because of investor demands. English Colonies- Not friendly
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New York New Amsterdam is under-funded and weak.
1664- Charles sends Duke of York. Dutch surrender without firing a shot.
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New York Important harbor
England’s colonies stretch from Maine- Georgia Dutch influence on Culture- Santa, Easter Eggs, Golf
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William Penn born 1660 in England. From a wealthy family
First interest in Quaker life is at the age of 16 Receives a land grant to repay debt that was owed by the crown Pennsylvania(Penn’s wood)
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Quakers Quakers- protestant group that is considered extremely controversial and persecuted Don’t support the established church, everyone equal, swear no oaths of allegiances No military service
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Pennsylvania First colony to be advertised- People paid to pass out pamphlets all over Europe Safe haven for the Quakers Recruited well-born, forward-thinking people Jews, Catholics can’t hold office.
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Pennsylvania Society Blue laws- morality laws
Colony grows quickly. Grows a lot of food for the society Third most powerful colony
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New Jersey West Jersey: 1664, New Englanders looking for land. Quakers, 1674. East Jersey : Quaker origin. Several years after the West. 1702- Royal colony
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Delaware Named for De La Warr
Under the control of Pennsylvania until after the Revolution.
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Southern Colonies VA, SC, NC, GA, MD
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New England Colonies MA, CT, RI, NH
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Middle Colonies PA, NY, NJ, DE
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