1. Chapter 3: Northern Colonies

2. Quick Reformation Story
Martin Luther creates 95 Theses in Wittenberg
List of problems with Catholic Church
Bible alone was the sole word of God and Faith- through salvation

3. Catholic/Protestants
Catholic Salvation: Good Works, Faith, Obedience to the Pope.
Protestant Salvation: Faith alone, Only authority is the Bible.

5. Calvinism
John Calvin- Geneva, Institutes of the Christian Religion. 1536
Predestination- God pre-selects the chosen and the damned.
Good works play no factor.

6. Calvinism (Continued)
People are looking at their experiences and behavior for signs of salvation.
The saved were expected to demonstrate correct behavior. “Visible Saints”

7. Puritanism The “purification” of the English Church
Want to see the Catholicism out of the Church
Drawn to the Calvinist doctrine because of its emphasis of divine order

8. Puritans in America
102 Puritans arrive off coast of New England
Only one person dies in trip, One person born on the ship.
They decided on Plymouth after surveying the land.

9. Puritans (contd)
Since these Puritans were out on their own, they were considered squatters with no legal right to the land.
Mayflower Compact: Precedent of Self-Government (US Constitution)

10. Plymouth Wanted to maintain the purity of the Colony(no non-believers)
Plymouth never becomes major(merges in 1691 with Mass. Bay.)
Puritan Work Ethic

11. Autumn of 1621 The First Thanksgiving
Plymouth learns to survive(Fur,Fish and Lumber)
Proves that northern colonies are possible.

12. Massachusetts Bay
1629- Reformers receive a charter for Mass. Bay Company(Joint-Stock Company)
Well-equipped with provisions and financial backing

13. The Great Migration
1630’s- 70,000 people leave England. 20,000 come to Massachusetts
Prosperous and educated people come to Mass. Bay
John Winthrop- Governor(“City upon a Hill”)

14. Government Structure
All church-going men given right to vote in colonial elections
Town election sare more inclusive: any property- holding man can vote.

15. Government (contd.)
Provincial Assembly- the General Court elected to create laws for the colony.
Only those eligible for church membership can vote for governor and the General Court.
Everyone paid taxes to the Church

16. Religious Leaders Held power of deciding church membership
John Cotton- Government enforcement of God’s law
Congregations could remove clergy. The Clergy can’t hold office.

17. Trouble comes to Mass.
Community trouble comes from religious dissention
Anne Hutchinson- Critic of Puritan Church. Challenged Predestination(no need to obey God’s law or man’s law)
Antinomianism- Against the Law

18. Rhode Island Roger Williams arrives in Providence - 1636
Established complete religious freedom, no taxes to church, no loyalty oath, no compulsory attendance
Most Progressive of the Colonies

19. Rhode Island
The colony becomes a safe place for those that don’t belong anywhere else.
Charter- 1644

20. Hartford
1635- Puritans move to the Hartford area for new land. Connecticut River Valley
1639- Fundamental Orders, first modern constitution

21. New Haven
1638- Puritan haven. The colonist wanted a closer church- government alliance.
Both Hartford and New Haven are squatter colonies in the begining.

22. New England Confederation
states unite to form New England Confederation
United for common defense(Natives , Dutch, French)

23. Confederation(contd.)
Puritan Colonies- Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven , “Hartford”
2 votes for each colony

24. English Civil War
Charles I- Too much control, deposed by rebels, beheaded in 1649
Oliver Cromwell- leader of Rebels, Becomes a military dictator

25. Dominion of New England
1686- Imposed by the crown
Common defense
Administered the Navigation Laws

26. Navigation Laws Stricter control of the colonies
Couldn’t trade with Non- Englishmen
Smuggling is common/respectable

27. Glorious Revolution 1688-9 James II- dethroned, dictator, Catholic
Installed- William III and Mary II (James’ daughter)
College of William and Mary

28. Salutary Neglect William III Mary II relax the navigation laws
Begin tradition of “salutary neglect”
English officials remain in Colonies. Appointed in England.

29. Henry Hudson 1609- Head of the Dutch East India Company Englishmen
Tried to find the Northwest Passage

30. New Netherlands
Manhattan- Dutch West India Company “buys” from Native Americans
New Amsterdam- N.Y.C.

31. New Amsterdam City was run for the company, by the company.
limited self-government, Aristocratic
Patroonships- large land grants, given to promoters who could bring people

32. Dutch East India Comp. Colony is weak. Because of investor demands.
The Dutch East India company- Investors want their dividends paid(share of the profits of the company).
Colony is weak. Because of investor demands.
English Colonies- Not friendly

33. New York New Amsterdam is under-funded and weak.
1664- Charles sends Duke of York. Dutch surrender without firing a shot.

34. New York Important harbor
England’s colonies stretch from Maine- Georgia
Dutch influence on Culture- Santa, Easter Eggs, Golf

35. William Penn born 1660 in England. From a wealthy family
First interest in Quaker life is at the age of 16
Receives a land grant to repay debt that was owed by the crown
Pennsylvania(Penn’s wood)

37. Quakers
Quakers- protestant group that is considered extremely controversial and persecuted
Don’t support the established church, everyone equal, swear no oaths of allegiances
No military service

38. Pennsylvania
First colony to be advertised- People paid to pass out pamphlets all over Europe
Safe haven for the Quakers
Recruited well-born, forward-thinking people
Jews, Catholics can’t hold office.

39. Pennsylvania Society Blue laws- morality laws
Colony grows quickly. Grows a lot of food for the society
Third most powerful colony

40. New Jersey
West Jersey: 1664, New Englanders looking for land. Quakers, 1674.
East Jersey : Quaker origin. Several years after the West.
1702- Royal colony

41. Delaware Named for De La Warr
Under the control of Pennsylvania until after the Revolution.

42. Southern Colonies
VA, SC, NC, GA, MD

43. New England Colonies
MA, CT, RI, NH

44. Middle Colonies
PA, NY, NJ, DE