1. The North Takes Charge Chapter 11 – Section 4
Mitten – CSHS
AMAZ History
Semester One

2. The North Takes Charge
Victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg help the Union wear down the Confederacy
Prelude to Gettysburg
May 1863, South defeats North at Chancellorsville
Stonewall Jackson mistakenly shot by own troops
dies 8 days later of pneumonia
Lee invades North to get supplies, support of Democrats

3. Gettysburg Three-day battle at Gettysburg cripples South
turning point of war
Confederates go to find shoes; meet Union cavalry
July 1, Confederates drive Union back, take town
The Second Day
South attacks Union led by Gen. George Meade on Cemetery Ridge
North pushes back attacks on Little Round Top
Many exhausted Confederates surrender;
Union line holds

4. Gettysburg The Third Day Armies exchange vicious artillery fire
Lee orders attack on Union lines;
North cuts down Confederates
Meade does not counterattack;
Lee retreats to Virginia
staggering losses on both sides

5. Grant Wins at Vicksburg
Vicksburg Under Siege
Confederate Vicksburg prevents Union from controlling Mississippi
Spring 1863, Union destroys MS rail lines, sacks Jackson
Grant’s assaults on Vicksburg fail, begins siege in May
Starving Confederates surrender on July 4th
Port Hudson, Louisiana falls 5 days later;
Confederacy completely divided

6. Gettysburg Address The Memorial Ceremony
November 1863, ceremony held to dedicate cemetery in Gettysburg
Edward Everett, noted speaker, gives two hour speech
Lincoln’s two-minute Gettysburg Address asserts unity of U.S.
honors dead soldiers
calls for living to dedicate selves to preserve Union, freedom

7. Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

8. Confederacy Wears Down
Confederate Morale
South unable to attack; last hope is undermine moral of North, get armistice
Civilian morale plummets; public calls for peace
Discord within government keeps Davis from governing effectively
Grant Appoints Sherman
March 1864, Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union armies
Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander of Mississippi division
Grant, Sherman believe in total war to destroy South’s will to fight

9. Confederacy Wears Down
Grant and Lee in Virginia
Grant’s strategy; keep Lee busy in Virginia
Sherman raids Georgia
May 1864 – April 1865; Grant and Lee fight battles
Heavy losses on both sides; North can replace soldiers, South cannot
Sherman’s March
Sept. 1864, Sherman burns Atlanta
December, takes Savannah, turns North to help Grant – inflicts even more destruction on So. Carolina

10. The Election and Appomattox
The Election of 1864
Democrats want immediate armistice, nominate McClellan
Radical Republicans – harsh conditions for readmission to Union
Lincoln pessimistic; Northern victories, troops’ votes give him win
Surrender at Appomattox
After Petersburg, Davis’s government leaves Richmond, sets it afire
Lee surrenders April 1865 at village of Appomattox Court House
Lee’s soldiers paroled on generous terms