1. Charles Darwin 1859 – “Origin of Species” published
Argued from evidence that species inhabiting Earth today descended from ancestral species
Proposed a mechanism for evolution  Natural Selection
Many scientists helped pave the way for Darwin’s Theory
Alfred Wallace  same idea; encouraged Darwin to publish his work

3. Malthus
Population growth expanded in times and regions of plenty until the size and population caused stress
6 editions of An essay on the Principles of Population

4. Lyell 1830 - Principles of Geology Uniformitarianism
“present is the key to the past”
1863 – Published Geological Evidences on the Antiquity of Man.
Brought together his three principles of glaciers, evolution and the age of the human race

5. Redi First to challenge spontaneous generation
Creation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms.
Fleas could arise from dust
Demonstrated maggots come from eggs of flies

6. Needham Set up experiments to see if spontaneous generation was true
Boiling broth mixture and cooling it, sealed flasks and microbes would grow in a few days.
It was found that the temperature he used was not enough to sterilize. Findings were later challenged by Spallanzani

7. Spallanzani
Contributions to the study of bodily functions, reproduction and animal echolocation
Biogenesis helped to disprove preformationism
Organisms form versions of themselves
Helped to disprove spontaneous generation

8. Pasteur
Well known for pasteurization and breakthroughs in preventing disease
Fermentation is caused by biogenesis and not spontaneous generation

10. 1. Fossil Record
What does the Fossil Record tell us about organisms?

11. Example: Horse

17. 2. Homologous Structures

18. Homologous Structures

19. 3. Vestigial Structures
Structures that serve no function but useful structures in earlier ancestors
Examples: Ear muscles
Human tailbone

21. Vestigial Organs

23. 4. Embryological Development
Embryos of certain species develop almost identically in early ages, but differentiate late in development

26. Molecular Evidence

27. Today’s Learning Targets:
*I can apply knowledge of evolution to the
principles of microevolution.
*I can describe examples of microevolution.
Bellwork
Which scientist observed animals of the Galapagos Islands? What kinds of animals did he observe?
Identify the 5 types of evidence used to support the theory of evolution
Several other scientists had already proposed evolution as a process for change, so why does Darwin get all the cred?
Why did Charles Darwin finally decide to publish his work?

28. What is microevolution?
Microevolution refers to the changes in genes within a population.
Processes of microevolution:
Natural Selection
Migration
Mate Choice
Mutation
Genetic Drift

29. 1.) Natural Selection
What is Natural Selection?
Individuals with a certain trait that are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without the trait.

30. 1.) Natural Selection
The Peppered Moth

31. 1.) Natural Selection
Sickle Cell Anemia

32. Patterns of Natural Selection

33. If the Siberian Husky had heavier muscles, it would sink deeper into the snow, so they would move slower or would sink and get stuck in the snow. Yet if the Siberian Husky had lighter muscles, it would not be strong enough to pull sleds and equipment, so the dog would have little value as a working dog

35. 2.) Migration
Migration – Individuals with different alleles may move into or out of a certain population

36. 2.) Migration

37. 3.) Mate Choice
Mate Choice – Parents are selective in the choice of mates to pass a limited set of traits onto the next generation.

38. 3.) Mate Choice

39. 3.) Mate Choice

40. 3.) Mate Choice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Sj-UdjqlFw

42. 4.) Mutation
Mutations – Can change the number and types of alleles. The source of completely new alleles.

44. 4.) Mutation

46. 5.) Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift – Random effects of everyday life can cause differences in survival and reproduction of individuals.

47. Chance!!!!

48. Exit Slip – Reflection of Activity
1.) Identify what the four slips of paper represent? 2.) Describe what happened to most mutations in the activity. 3.) Identify what factor(s) determined who “survived”. 4.) Evaluate the shortcomings of this model of natural selection.

49. Can you?
Identify the 5 processes of microevolution?
Which is due to chance?
Which is a source of completely new alleles?
Which causes gene flow?

50. Convergent
evolution

51. Evolution of Camouflage
Mantis:mimicry

52. Orchid and Bee: coevolution http://www. pbs
example of mimicry in which the orchid has evolved to resemble a female bee

53. Crab spider: