1. Semesters work
Alyssa Buckner
5th hour

2. Scientific Method Observation Research question Collected variables
Hypothesis
Procedure
Analyze data
Conclusion

3. Observation
Something you notice.
Example
The chair is red.

4. Research Question
A question that is able to be tested and not an opinion.
Example:
Are there more red chairs then blue in this class room?

5. Collected Variables
Independent variable (I.V.)- something the experimenter changes.
Dependent variable (D.V.)- changes because of what the experimenter changed.
Constant variable (C.V.)- the thing that stays the same

6. Examples
I.V.- color of chairs
D.V.- amount of chairs
C.V.- chairs

7. Hypothesis Educated guess in an “if” and “then” statement. Example:
If we count all the chairs in the class room, then there will be more red chairs then blue.

8. Procedure Step by step instructions on how to get the data. Example:
Count all red chairs
Then count all blue chairs
Find which color has the biggest amount
Analyze data
Draw a conclusion

9. Analyze Data Put information in a T-chart, and a graph.
T-chart- I.V. goes on left, D.V. goes on right.
Graphs- use a bar graph if time isn't involved, use a line graph if time is involved.

10. …continued T-chart Bar graph
The effect of color of chair on amount of chairs
D.V.
Color of chair amount of chairs
Red
Blue
I. V.

11. Conclusion Tells whether the hypothesis is correct or not. Example:
My hypothesis was correct, there were more red chairs, then blue.

12. Matter Has mass and takes up space. States of matter:
Solid- particles tightly packed together
Liquid- particles move around loosely
Gas- particles spread apart.
5 phase changes:
Melting point- solid to liquid
Freezing point- liquid to solid
Boiling point- liquid to gas
Condensation- gas to liquid
Sublimation- solid to gas

13. Mixtures and Compounds
Mixture- two or more substances combined together.
Two types- homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Compounds- substances are chemically combined

14. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous- cant see the particles
Examples:
Tea
Coffee
Heterogeneous - can see the particles
Examples:
Rocks in water
Trail-mix

15. Physical/Chemical Change
Physical- a change to the appearance.
Example:
Scratch on a car.
Chemical- new substance is made
Example:
book on fire.

16. Newton's Laws
1st law-object in rest, stay in rest until force is applied. Objects in motion, stay in motion until a force is applied.
2nd law- the more mass an object is, the more force it takes to move it
3rd law- for every action, there is an equal and opposite action

17. Solubility Ability to dissolve. Solute- substance being dissolved
Solvent- doing the dissolving
Unsaturated solution- can hold more solute
Saturated- cannot hold anymore solute
Supersaturated- overfull, builds up and sits on bottom

18. Atom Smallest part of matter. 3 parts: proton, electron, and neutron.
Proton- has a positive charge (+)
Electron- has a negative charge (-)
Neutron- has a neutral charge

19. Periodic Table Where all the elements are found.
Elements- made up of 1 atom.
Periodic table has 7 periods (up & down). And 18 groups (left to right)

20. How to Read an Element LI Atomic number 37
Amount of protons and electrons
Symbol, name of element
Atomic mass
Atomic mass – atomic number= amount of electrons

21. Borh Atom Diagram
Lithium
+ protons
Electrons
Neutrons

22. Energy Ability to make change. Mechanical- move something
Example- brushing hair
Thermal- apply heat
Example-hair strainer

23. Movement of Heat Conduction- through touch Example- touching stove
Convection- through liquid
Example- boiling water
Radiation- through air
Example- sun
Conductor- allows heat to pass through
Insulator- doesn’t allow heat to pass through

24. Speed, Acceleration, Work, Power, and Motion
Speed- Rate of motion
Acieration- increase in speed
Work- anytime something moves
Power- amount of work you use in amount of time
Motion-object moves from one place to another

25. Forces Change of motion on an object Push and pull Types of forces:
Resistance- slows you down
Gravity- pulls you to the ground
Friction-2 substances rubbing against each other
Balance force- all forces acting on object are equal.
Unbalance-one force is stronger then other

26. Waves Disturbance of energy. Medium - any type of matter
Mechanical wave - needs a medium to pass through
Types of waves
Longitudinal - up and down
Transverse - back and forth

27. Wave diagram
Crest
Wave Length
Amplitude
Trough

28. …continued Crest - top of wave Trough - bottom of wave
Wavelength - crest to crest, wave speed
Amplitude - crest to trough, intensity

29. Doppler Effect
The closer you are to the sound source, the louder the sound is. The further away you are from the sound source, the quieter it will be.
Sound source
Closer, louder
Further, quieter

30. Waves Interact Reflection - bounce off other things
Refraction - travels different speeds through different mediums
Diffraction - waves go through, or move around objects
Interference:
Constructive-
Destructive-
One wave
Similar wave
Bigger wave
One wave
Opposite wave
Cancel out

31. Sounds in Different Mediums
Solid - slowly
Liquid - faster
Gas - very quickly
Hot air - fast
Cold air - slow

32. Sound Waves Pitch- highest and lowest sound is
Ultrasound- high pitched, high amplitude
Infrasound- low pitched, low amplitude

33. How Sound is Made From the lungs Lungs Through the Windpipe Larynx
And makes a
Sound Wave

34. How Sound is Detected From the Ear To the Ear Drum Inner Ear Cochlea
Brain