1. The Integumentary System
Medical Terminology
Mrs. Opland

2. Function of the Integumentary System
Skin
Bodies 1st line of defense
Sebaceous glands (oil gland)
Secrete sebum that lubricates the skin & discourages growth of bacteria on the skin
Sweat glands
Regulate body temperature by sweating

3. Hair
Contols the loss of body heat & receptor for the sensation of touch
Nails
Protect dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe & finger

4. Structures of Integumentary System
skin
Epithelium, cutaneous, derma
covers external surfaces of the body
Layers of
Epidermis
Outermost layer

5. Dermis Middle layer Composed of blood, nerve fibers, etc.
Connective tissues found here
Nerve endings enable body to recognize sensations such as temp, touch, pain, and pressure
tactile = pertaining to touch
Perception = ability to recognize sensory stimulus

6. Nerve endings enable body to recognize sensations such as temp, touch, pain, and pressure
tactile = pertaining to touch
Perception = ability to recognize sensory stimulus
Subcutaneous layer
Connective tissue layer
Formation of fat
Lipocytes = fat cells
Combining form
Lip/o = fat

7. Associated Structures
sebaceous glands
secrete oil
sebum = oily substance released by sebaceous glands
combining form
seb/o
sweat glands
pores: opening of glands on surface of skin
sweat: excess water as it cools the skin
perspiration: excretion of fluid from skin
hidrosis: production and excretions of sweat
hidr/o = sweat

8. hair nails combining form hair follicles also known as an unguis
pil/i & pil/o
hair follicles
shafts or sacs that hold the hair fibers
nails
also known as an unguis
ungu/o, onych/o
three parts
root
body
free edge

9. eponychium / cuticle

10. Diagnostic procedures
Biopsy
Removal of a small piece of tissue
Incisional biopsy
A piece but not all of the tumor
Excisional biopsy
Entire tumor or lesion plus a margin of surrounding tissue are removed
Excision = complete removal

11. Diagnostic procedures
Needle biopsy
Needle used to remove a core of tissue
Exfoliative cytology
Cells scraped from the tissue and examined under microscope

12. Pathology of Skin Sebaceous and sweat glands Seborrhea Acne vulgaris
Overproduction of sebum
Acne vulgaris
Inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions

13. Pathology of Skin Comedo / blackhead Sebaceous cyst
Buildup of sebum and keratin in a pore of the skin
Sebaceous cyst
Cyst of sebaceous gland, containing yellow, fatty material

14. Hyperhidrosis Anhidrosis Excessive sweating
Lacking or being without sweat

15. Hair Pilonidal cyst Hirsutism Alopecia Hair-containing cyst
Abnormal hairiness
Alopecia
Baldness, partial or complete

16. Nails Alopecia areata Alopecia totalis Alopecia universalis
Unknown etiology, well-defined bald patches
Alopecia totalis
Uncommon, loss of all the hair on the scalp
Alopecia universalis
Total loss of hair on all parts of the body
Nails
Onchia / onychitis
Inflammation of the nail
Paronychia
Infection of the fold of skin at the margin of a nail

17. Onychophagia Onychocryptosis Onychomycosis Nail biting or eating
Ingrown toenail
Onychomycosis
Fungus infection of the nail

18. Subungual hematoma Koilonychia Clubbing
Collection of blood under a nail
Koilonychia
Spoon nail
Outer surface of nail is concave
Clubbing
Abnormal flattening of the nail, often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

19. Pigmentation Dyschromia Melanosis Albinism Vitiligo
Disorder of pigmentation of hair or skin
Melanosis
Deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body
Albinism
Inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
Vitiligo
Loss of pigment in areas of skin, resulting in milk-white patches

20. Surface lesions Lesions Contusion Papule
Pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury
Contusion
Injury, does not break skin, swelling, discoloration, pain
Papule
Small, solid, raised skin < .5 cm

21. Surface lesions Plaque Macule Solid raised lesion > .5 cm
Flat skin lesion
Freckle, mole

22. Patch Scale Crust Localized change in skin color > 1 cm
Flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells
Crust
Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

23. Wheal Ecchymosis Smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area
Insect bite, allergic reaction
Ecchymosis
Bruise
Purplish area caused by bleeding into skin

24. Petechiae
Small, pinpoint hemorrhage
Verrucae
Warts
Caused by virus

25. Birthmark / patch / nevus
Congenital pigmented cells on the skin surface
Port-wine stain
Flat persistent dark red birthmark made up of pimented cells
Strawberry hemangioma
Raised birthmark
Hemangioma
Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

26. Fluid-filled lesions Cyst Pustule Vesicle
Closed sack or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
Pustule
Circumscribed elevation of skin containing pus
Circumscribed
Contained within a limited area
Vesicle
Blister
Circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid

27. Bulla Abcess Large vesicle or blister > .5 cm
Localized collection of pus

28. Lesions through the skin
Laceration
Torn or jagged wound
Ulcer
Open sore or erosion of skin or mucous membrane
Decubitus ulcer
Pressure ulcer, bedsore
Results from prolonged pressure on a body part

29. General Fissure Fistula Dermatosis Groove or cracklike sore
Abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two organs
General
Dermatosis
Any skin lesion or group or lesions, or eruptions Of any type NOT associated with inflammation
                                                              

30. Dermatitis Contact dermatitis Puritus Inflammation of the skin
Localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen
Puritus
Itching

31. Uticaria Erythroderma Erythema Psoriasis Hives
Abnormal redness of the skin
Erythema
Redness or inflammation of the skin
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disorder
Symptoms = itching, silvery scales
                                                             

32. Purpura Eczema Abrasion Hemorrhage into the skin that causes bruising
Inflammatory skin condition
Symptoms = erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs alone or in combination
Abrasion
Injury – superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

33. Infections Cellulitis Pyodema Impetigo Inflammation of skin cells
Purulent skin disease (py/0 = pus)
Impetigo
Contagious purulent skin disease
Symptoms = honey crusted drainage
                                                         

34. Furuncle Dermatomycosis Gangrene Boil Fungal infection of the skin
Death of skin tissue

35. Putrefaction Scleroderma Decay that produces foul-smelling odors
Hard skin
Abnormal thickening of skin tissues
                                                              

36. Tinea Ringworm Fungal skin disease Tinea capitis: found on the scalp
Tinea pedis: athletes foot
Tinea cruris: jock itch

37. Infestations
Occupation and dwelling of a parasite on external surface of the skin
Scabies
Caused by itch mite
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice

38. Pediculosis capitis Pediculosis corporis Pediculosis pubis Head lice
Body lice
Pediculosis pubis
Lice in the pubic hair / pubic region
                                             
            
             
                                                                           

39. Skin cancer Malignant melanoma Basal cell carcinoma
Found in basal cell layer of the epidermis (skin)
Usually found on the face, most frequent and least harmful type of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor
Starts as sore that do not heal or sores with crusted, heaped-up look

40. Skin Growths Granuloma Skin tags Polyp Small knotlike swellings
Small flesh-colored growths that hang from the body
Polyp
Mushroom like growth from surface mucous membrane

41. Cicatrix Keloid Lipoma “normal” scar left by healed wound
Abnormally raised or thickened scar
Lipoma
Benign tumor made of fat cells
                                     

42. Burns
Burn
Injury to skin tissue caused by heat, flame, electricity, chemicals or radiation
1st degree burns
Superficial
No blisters
2nd degree burns
Damage to epidermis and dermis
Blisters
3rd degree burns
Damage to dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layers

43. Procedures of the Integumentary System
Tissue removal
Debridement
Removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from wound

44. Procedures of the Integumentary System
Incision and drainage (I&D)
Cutting open and draining a skin condition
Chemical peel (chemabrasion)
Use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling etc.

45. Dermabrasion Cauterization Cyrosurgery
Abrasion involving the use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper
Cauterization
Destruction of tissue for therapeutic purposes
Cyrosurgery
Destruction of tissue through the application of extreme cold

46. Laser treatment of skin conditions
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Rhinophym
Bulbous nose, overgrowth of skin and oil galnds of the nose
TX: carbon dioxide laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue
Port-wine stain
Birthmark
Treated using short pulses of laser light to remove
Tattoos
Removed by using lasers that target particular colors