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Cell Structures and Organelles
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Location: Outer part of the cell Structure: Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Membrane Found: All Cells Location: Outer part of the cell Structure: Phospholipid bilayer Fluid, flexible Function/ Purpose: Hold in the cell parts and controls what enters and leaves the cell
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Plant Cell Animal cell Cell Membrane
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Cell Wall Found: Plant cell and Prokaryotes
Located: outside of the cell membrane. Structure: Rigid cellulose Function: Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape
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Cell wall: Along the perimeter.
Plant Cell Animal cell
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Structure: Thick fluid Function: To hold space between organelles.
Cytoplasm (Cytosol) It is found in ALL cells Location: Takes up the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Fills in the cell Structure: Thick fluid Function: To hold space between organelles.
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Plant Cell Animal cell
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Nucleus Found: Plant cell and Animal cell (Eukaryotes ONLY)
Location: Animal cells- CENTER Plant cells- Off to the corner Structure: Membrane bound circle- Surrounded by envelope Contains Nucleolus and chromatin Function: control cell process and contains DNA
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Nuclear Envelope Found: Plant cell and Animal cell
Location: surrounding the nucleus Structure: Double membrane dotted with thousand of nuclear pores Function: controls flow of the nucleus into and out of the cell
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Nucleolus Found: Plant cell and Animal cell
Location: middle of the nucleus Structure: small and dense Function: where ribosomes are made
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Chromatin Found: All Cells Location: floating in the nucleus
Structure: DNA bound to proteins Function: Genetic material
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Plant Cell Animal cell Nuclear Envelope Nuclear envelope Nucleus
Nucleolus nucleus Nucleolus chromatin Chromatin Plant Cell Animal cell
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found: Plant and Animal cells Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the nucleus Structure: Interconnected tubes. Doesn’t contain any ribosomes Function: Synthesis and transportation of lipids Detoxifies substances
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found: Plant and Animal cells Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the nucleus Structure: Interconnected tubes coated with ribosomes Function: Is the main site of protein synthesis and transportation
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Smooth ER Rough ER Rough ER Smooth ER Animal cell Plant Cell
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Ribosome Found: Found in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Location: All around the cell close and far from nucleus and on the rough ER Structure: A tiny round object Function/ Purpose: Site of protein synthesis
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Plant Cell Animal cell Ribosomes
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Golgi Apparatus Found: Both plant and animal cells
Location: Found in the cytoplasm, generally near the ER Structure: Stack of Flattened sac/ tubes Can break off sections to move around the cell Function: Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for use within the cell or export outside the cell
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Golgi Apparatus Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Lysosomes Found: Animal cell and plant cell(rare)
Located: Throughout the cell Structure: Bag filled with enzymes Function: Digests materials (nutrients, old organelles, bacteria) Suicide cell: If cell is bad, will burst on purpose so enzymes consume the cell
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Lysosome Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Vacuole Found: In both plant and animal
Location: Large center in plants, small and scattered in animals Structure: Simple membrane sac Function/ Purpose: They store food, water, and variety of nutrients Sometimes they store waste products
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Vacuole Plant Cell Animal cell
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Cytoskeleton Found: Plant cells and Animal cells, some Prokaryotes
Location: Throughout the cell Structure: Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Function/ Purpose: Provides an important structural frame work for cell shape
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Cilia Found: Animal cells Location: Outside the Cell
Structure: Tiny hair like structures Function/ Purpose: Move liquid past the surface of the cell
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Flagella Found: Animal cells and some Prokaryotes
Location: Outside the Cell Structure: Tail like structure Function/ Purpose: Whipping motion - propeller
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Flagella Plant Cell Animal cell
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Centrioles Found: Animal Cells ONLY Location: Near nucleus
Structure: Small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way Function: Help with cell division
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cytoskeleton centrioles Plant Cell Animal cell
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Location: Inside of the cell
Chloroplasts Found: Plant cell ONLY Location: Inside of the cell Structure: surrounded by two membranes inside are large stacks of other membranes, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll Function/ Purpose: capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts Plant Cell Animal cell
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Found: Plant cell and Animal cell Location: Throughout the cell
Mitochondria Found: Plant cell and Animal cell Location: Throughout the cell Structure: Outer and Inner membrane separated by matrix. Folds of inner membrane are called cristae. Function/ Purpose: produces the energy currency of the cell, ATP and regulates cellular metabolism.
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Plant Cell Animal cell
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