1. It’s Vocab Time!

2. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Atone
(v.) to make up for

3. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Atone – M.E.,
“to become reconciled,” from at on "in harmony," from at + on "one"

4. Atone Mnemonic
On the television show “My Name Is Earl” Jason Lee’s character is trying to atone for all of his past wrongdoings.

5. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Bondage
(n.) slavery; any state of being bound or held down

6. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Bondage – Anglo-L. bondagium, from M.E. bond "a serf, tenant farmer," from O.E. bonda "householder," from O.N. bondi, from boandi "free-born farmer," lit. prp. of boa "dwell, prepare, inhabit."

7. Bondage Mnemonic
To create veal, young cows are kept in bondage so that they do not develop muscles because the cage is so tiny that they can’t move or turn around.

8. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Credible
(adj.) believable

9. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Credible – M.E., from L. credibilis, from credere "to trust, entrust, believe."

10. Credible Mnemonic
Some people think that fortune tellers are not a credible source of information.

11. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Defray
(v.) to pay for

12. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Defray –M.Fr. defraier, from des- "out" + fraier "spend," from O.Fr. frais "costs, damages caused by breakage," from L. fractum, neuter pp. of frangere "to break"

13. Athletic scholarships can defray the cost of tuition for college.
Defray Mnemonic
Athletic scholarships can defray the cost of tuition for college.

14. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Diligent
(adj.) hardworking, industrious, not lazy

15. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Diligent – M.E., from M.Fr., from L. diligent-, diligens, from present participle of diligere to esteem, love, from di- (from dis- apart) + legere to select

16. Diligent Mnemonic
Diligent students enter Ms. Walker’s class and begin to write in their journals immediately.

17. Don’t forget your words!

18. It’s Vocab Time!

19. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Doleful
(adj.) sad; dreary

20. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Doleful – O.Fr. doel, from L.L. dolus "grief," from L. dolere "suffer, grieve."

21. Doleful Mnemonic
The doleful puppy was melancholy because she had broken her two front legs and couldn’t play like she usually did.

22. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Ghastly
(adj.) frightful, horrible; deathly pale

23. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Ghastly – M.E. gastly, from gasten "to torment, frighten" + -lich "-ly."

24. Ghastly Mnemonic
Simon Cowell has told many contestants on “American Idol” that their singing is ghastly.

25. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Hamper
(v.) to hold back

26. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Hamper – M.E. hampren "to surround, imprison, confine," later "to pack in a container," of unknown origin, possibly from hamper (n.), or somehow connected to M.E. hamelian "to maim.”

27. Hamper Mnemonic
Arizona Diamondbacks pitchers try to hamper their opponents from scoring a home run.

28. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Hew
(v.) to shape or cut down with an ax; to hold to

29. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Hew – M.E., from O.E. hEawan; akin to Old High Ger. houwan "to hew," Lithuanian kauti "to forge," L. cudere "to beat with an axe"

30. The strong man prepared to hew the lumber with his axe.
Hew Mnemonic
The strong man prepared to hew the lumber with his axe.

31. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Impoverished
(adj.) poor, in a state of poverty; depleted

32. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Impoverished – M.E. enpoverisen, from M.Fr. empovriss-, stem of empovrir, from en- + povre "poor"

33. Impoverished Mnemonic
Impoverished families often have to make their children work because they desperately need the money.

34. Don’t forget your words!

35. It’s Vocab Time!

36. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Incessant
(adj.) never stopping, going on all the time

37. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Incessant – M.E. incessaunt, from L.L. incessant-, incessans, from L. in- + cessant-, cessans, present participle of cessare “no delay"

38. Incessant Mnemonic
The Energizer bunny commercials claim that Energizer batteries have an incessant source of power that just keeps going and going.

39. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Intricate
(adj.) complicated; difficult to understand

40. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Intricate – M.E., from L. intricatus, past participle of intricare "to entangle," from in- + tricae "trifles"

41. scientific calculators to assist them with very
Intricate Mnemonic
Many students rely on
scientific calculators to
assist them with very
intricate math formulas.

42. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Lucid
(adj.) easy to understand, clear; rational, sane

43. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Lucid – L. lucidus "light, bright, clear," from lucere "to shine," from lux (gen. lucis) "light," from PIE base *leuk- "to shine, be bright"

44. Lucid Mnemonic
Politicians, such as Arizona’s former governor Janet Napolitano, speak in a lucid manner so that everyone can understand what they are trying to say.

45. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Posthumous
(adj.) occurring or published after death

46. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Posthumous –L. postumus "last, last-born," superlative of posterus "coming after, subsequent." Altered in L.L. by association with L. humare "to bury," suggesting death

47. Posthumous Mnemonic
Kurt Cobain’s posthumous profits from Nirvana’s music goes to his widow Courtney Love and their daughter, Frances Bean.

48. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Prim
(adj.) overly neat, precise, proper, or formal; prudish

49. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Prim – Fr. prim "thin, small, delicate," from O.Fr. prim "fine, delicate," from L. primus "first, finest"

50. Prim Mnemonic
Charlotte York always dressed and usually behaved in a prim manner on the television show “Sex in the City.”

51. Don’t forget your words!

52. It’s Vocab Time!

53. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Sardonic
(adj.) grimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic

54. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Sardonic – Fr. sardonique (16c.), from L. sardonius in Sardonius risus, loan-translation of Gk. sardonios (gelos) "of bitter or scornful (laughter)," altered from Homeric sardanios (of uncertain origin) by influence of Sardonios "Sardinian," because the Greeks believed that eating a plant they called Sardonion caused facial convulsions resembling those of sardonic laughter, usually followed by death.

55. Sardonic Mnemonic
Ron Weasley became sardonic around Harry Potter when he thought that Harry had lied to him about entering himself in the Triwizard Tournament.

56. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Superfluous
(adj.) exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess

57. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Superfluous – M.E., from L. superfluus, literally, "running over," from superfluere "to overflow," from super- + fluere "to flow"

58. Superfluous Mnemonic
In 2006, the students donated a superfluous amount of money and Ms. Walker had to wear a Big Bird costume
for Halloween.

59. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Supplant
(v.) to take the place of, supersede

60. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Supplant – O.Fr. supplanter "to trip up, overthrow," from L. supplantare "trip up, overthrow," from sub "under" + planta "sole of the foot."

61. Supplant Mnemonic
Some athletes cannot wait to supplant their “star” teammate because they want the all of the attention for themselves.

62. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Taunt
(v.) to jeer at, mock
(n.) an insulting or mocking remark

63. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Taunt – possibly from M.Fr. tanter, tenter "to tempt, try, provoke," variant of tempter "to try." Or from M.Fr. tant pour tant "so much for so much, tit for tat," on notion of "sarcastic rejoinder."

64. Taunt Mnemonic
Late night talk-show hosts sometimes taunt celebrities and other famous people to get a laugh from the audience.

65. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Tenacious
(adj.) holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent

66. Vocabulary Workshop, Level D Etymologies: Unit 6
Tenacious – L. tenacitas "the act of holding fast," from tenax (gen. tenacis) "tough, holding fast," from tenere "to hold"

67. Tenacious Mnemonic
Pit bulls and other breeds of dogs are known for their tenacious jaws which can cause serious damage to a person if they are attacked.

68. Don’t forget your words!