1. Circulatory system 1. Circulatory system 2. Blood vascular system
3. Blood vessels:
a) Arteries;
b) Veins;
c) Microcirculatory bed
4. Lymphatics
5. Heart

2. Scheme of vessel’s wall 1
Scheme of vessel’s wall 1. Intima: a) endothelium; b) subendothelial layer 2. Media (sm. myocytes+ fibers) 3. Adventitia (loose con. tissue)

3. 1. Intima: a) Endothelium; b) Subendothelial layer; c) Internal elastic lamina 2. Media (sm. myocytes+ fibers) 3. Adventitia (loose con. tissue+ vasa vasorum)

4. Elastic artery 1. Large endothelial cells 2
Elastic artery 1. Large endothelial cells 2. Subendothelial layer (myointimal cells) 3. Elastic fibers predominate

5. Muscular artery 1. Thin intima 2. Myocytes predominate 3
Muscular artery 1. Thin intima 2. Myocytes predominate 3. Internal elastic lamina well defined

6. Artery-vein 1. Thin wall 2. Bigger diameter (irregular shape) 3
Artery-vein 1. Thin wall 2. Bigger diameter (irregular shape) 3. Collagen fibers (laminas) 4. Adventitia thick 5. Walves

7. Microcirculatory bed

8. Capillary

9. Somatic capillary

10. Fenestrated capillary

11. Anastomoses AVA functions are the next: Types: typical+ nontypical
1.Regulation (correction) of the blood pressure.
2.Blood supplying of organs.
3.Venous blood saturation with oxygen.
4.Blood withdrawing from the depot.
5.Regulation of the tissues fluid passage to the venous bed.
Types: typical+ nontypical

12. Lymphatic vessels

13. Lymphatic vessel

14. Heart

15. HEART Tunices: 1. Endocardium (endothelium, subendothelial layer, fibro-muscular and external connective tissue layer) 2. Myocardium (contractile and conductive myocytes) 3. Epicardium 4. Pericardium

16. Immune and hemopoietic organs
Hemopoietic organs classification.
Сommon features of hemopoietic organs
Red bone marrow
Yellow and mucous bone marrow
Involution of thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes

17. Purkinje fibers

18. Hemopoietic organs Tonsilles Thymus Lymphatics Lymph nodes Spleen
Payer’s patches
and lymphoid tissue
of alimentary tract
Appendix
Bone marrow

19. Hemopoietic organs Central -antigenindependent Red bone marrow Thymus
Peripheral -antigendependent
Spleen
Lymph nodes
MALT
Appendices
Peyer’s patches

20. General features 1. Origin - mesenchyme 3. Functions Hematopoiesis
2. Structure
a. Stroma
Reticular tissue
Sinusoids
Macrophages
b. Parenchyma
Myeloid tissue
Lymphoid tissue
3. Functions
Hematopoiesis
Deposition
Protective
Elimination

21. Stromal cells Reticular cells Osteogenic cells Adipocytes
Adventitial cells
Endothelial cells
Macrophages

22. Parenchyma 4 types of hemopoietic islets: erythropoietic trombopoietic
granulocytopoietic
agranulocytopoietic

23. Red bone marrow

24. Summary of erythrocyte maturation

25. Granulo-cyto-poiesis

26. Trombo-cyto-poietic islet

27. Thymus Functions 1.Antigen-independent proliferation of T-lymphocytes 2. Endocrine Stroma -- epithelio-reticular tissue Parenchyma -lymphoid tissue

28. MFU – lobule (cortex, medulla) Hematothymic barrier 1. Endothelium 2
MFU – lobule (cortex, medulla) Hematothymic barrier 1. Endothelium 2. Basement membrane 3. Epithelio-reticulocyte 4 Perivascular space with macrophages

29. Involution of thymus 1. Age involution 2. Accidental involution
Status timicolimphaticus

30. Spleen red pulp + white pulp

31. Spleenic blood circulation (opened and closed)

33. Lymph node

34. Lymph node cortex (follicles) +paracortex + medullary cords

39. Endocrine system 1. Neuro-endocrine-immune regulation.
2. Hormones and mechanisms of their activity.
3. Endocrine organs classification.
4. Central endocrine organs:
а) hypothalamus;
б) pituitary;
в) epiphysis.
5.Peripheral endocrine glands: thyroid, parathyroid

40. Neuro-endocrine-immune regulation
Nerve
system
cytokins
Liberins
and statins
neurotransmitters
hormones
Immune
system
Endocrine
system
corticoateroids

41. Endocrine glands hypothalamus epiphysis hypophisis thyroid gland
parathyroid
glands
thymus
adrenal
glands
APUD-system
pancreas
kidney
ovary
testis
placenta

43. Endocrine glands peculiarities 1. Stroma + parenchyma. 2
Endocrine glands peculiarities 1. Stroma + parenchyma. 2. Endocrine cells. 3. Ductless glands. 4. Well developed microcirculatory bed with fenestrated capillaries
Hormones
1. Proteins derivatives
2. Especially active
3. Selective influence on “target-cells”
Mechanisms of hormones activity 1. Cell membrane permeability changes
2. Activation of intracellular processes 3. Influence on the chromosomes

44. Central organs: hypothalamus, hypophysis, epiphysis
Parenchymal unites of endocrine glands 1. Lobule 2. Trabecula 3. Follicle
Central organs: hypothalamus, hypophysis, epiphysis
Peripheral glands: 1. Endocrine :
а) pituitarydependent (thyroid; adrenal cortex); b) pituitaryindependent (parathyroid).
2. Mixed (mammary, testes, ovaries, Langerhans islets)
3. Diffuse endocrine system

45. Anterior hypothalamus (large cholinergic cells): а) supraoptical nuclei – antidiuretic hormone; b) paraventricular nuclei - oxytocin.
Middle hypothalamus - 5 pares of nuclei
(small adrenergic cells)
(ventromedial, dorsomedial, arcuate, suprahiasmatic та preoptic zone)- relising factors (liberins and statins)

46. Hypothalamo-adenohypophysial system Hypothalamo-nerohypophysial system

47. Будова гіпофіза

48. Adenopituitary: trabecules 1
Adenopituitary: trabecules 1. Acidophils – somatotrophs- and mammotrophs. 2. Basophils – thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs. 3. Intermediate cells – adrenocorticotropocytes. 1. Melanotrophs 2. Lipotrophs Neuropituitary: pituicytes + axovasal synapses (Herrings bodies)

49. Epiphysis (pineal gland) lobules pinealocytes: light and dark + astrocytes
Corpora
arenacea
Parathyrocytes
cords 4.
Мікроанатомія систем органів
4.1.
Серцево-судинна система
4.2.
Система органів кровотворення
4.3.
Ендокринна система
4.4.
Система органів травлення
4.5.
Дихальна система
4.6.
Сечова система
4.7.
Чоловіча статева система
4.8.
Жіноча статева система
4.9.
Нервова система
4.10.
Система органів чуття
4.11.
Система зовнішнього покриву
Trabecules

50. Thyroid gland structural unit - follicle

51. Thyrocyte

52. Synthesis & Accumulation of Hormones by Follicular Cells
1. The uptake of circulating iodide is accomplished in the thyroid by a mechanism of active transport, using die iodide pump.
2. The synthesis of thyroglobulin in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the addition of carbohydrate in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.
3. The release of thyroglobulin into the lumen of the follicle.
4. Activation of iodide in the colloid, in contact with the membrane of the apical region of the cells.
5. Hormone effusion to the bloodstream.

53. Parafollicular cells calcitoninocytes

54. Parathyroid glands

55. Parathyroid glands structural unit – cord (chief cells and oxyphilic cells)

56. Adrenal (suprarenal glands)

57. Adrenal gland

58. Cortex (adrenocorticocytes) Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata zona reticulosa
Medulla
Epinephrocytes and norepinephrocytes

60. Adrenal glands