1. Honors Solutions Notes

2. Common Solutions
Air
Shampoo
Coffee
Gasoline
Cough Syrup

3. Key Terms Solution-a homogeneous mixture
Solvent-substance present in the largest amount
Solute-other substances (smaller amounts)
Aqueous solutions-have water as the solvent

4. Example
When we dissolve a teaspoon of sugar in a glass of water, what is the solute and solvent?

5. This is an aqueous solutions because water is the solvent
Answers
Sugar-solute
Water-solvent
This is an aqueous solutions because water is the solvent

6. Conductivity
Electrolytes-solutions that conduct electricity (forms ions or is polar).
Ex: NaCl-forms ions Na+1 and Cl-1
HCl-polar molecule H-Cl
Nonelectrolytes-solutions that do not conduct electricity

7. Important rule in Solutions
Like dissolves like

8. Like dissolves like
Water and ethanol dissolve in each other because they have
O-H groups (Water- HOH and Ethanol-C2H5OH)

9. Concentrations of solutions
Unsaturated solution-solution that has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve in it
Saturated solution-a solution has as much solute as will dissolve at a given temperature
Supersaturated solution-solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution

10. Strength of Solutions
Concentrated solution-has a large amount of solute dissolved
Dilute solution-small amount of solute
To find the concentration of solutions we use Mass percent, Molarity (M) and molality (m)

11. Mass Percent Mass percent = mass of solute x 100 mass of solution
Ex: A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.0g of sodium chloride in 48g of water.
Mass %=1.0g/49g x100 = 2.0%

12. Mass % (cont)
A solution is prepared by mixing 1.00g of ethanol with 100.0g of water. Calculate the mass percent of ethanol.

13. Answer
0.990%

14. Part 2

15. Preparing/diluting solutions
M1V1=M2V2
Ex: What volume of 16M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5L of a 0.10M sulfuric acid solution?
16(V)=(0.10)(1.5)
V=0.0094L or 9.4mL

16. Example 2
What volume of 12M HCl must be taken to prepare 0.75L of 0.25M HCl?

17. Answer
0.016L or 16mL