1. World History
Week 7

2. Day 1 What was the Pelopnnesian War?
How did the Peloponnesian war lead to the development of philosphers?
Why did some Athenians find Socrates ideas distrubing?

3. King Philip II— brilliant general; dreams of controlling Greece
• Macedonians call themselves Greek
Philip Conquered Greece in 338 BC
• 336 B.C. King Philip murdered
•His son named king of Macedonia—becomes Alexander the Great •
student of Aristotle; inspired by the Iliad;
• 20 years old; destroys Thebes to curb rebellion

4. Invasion of Persia
• 334 B.C. Alexander invades Persia;
• Darius III—king of Persia, assembles army of 50,000–75,000 men
• Alexander defeats Persians , forces King of Persia to flee
• Alexander marches into Egypt, crowned pharaoh in 332 B.C.
• In Mesopotamia, Alexander defeats Persians again
• Alexander captures cities of Babylon
• Persepolis, the Persian capital, burned to the ground
• Ashes of Persepolis signal total destruction of Persian Empire

5. Alexander conquers Indus Valley area in 326 B.C.
• Reluctantly returns to Babylon, dies in 323 B.C.
Alexander’s Legacy
• Alexander melds Greek and Persian cultures; wife is Persian
• Empire becomes three kingdoms: (1) Macedonia, Greek city-states; • (2) Egypt; (3) old Persia, also known as Seleucid kingdom
Result of Alexander’s policies—a new vibrant culture
• Hellenistic culture—Greek blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian centered in Alexandria

6. •
Alexandria
Museum contains art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens, dining hall
• Library holds masterpieces of ancient literature; supports scholars
Astronomy
• Astronomer Aristarchus proves sun is larger than Earth
• Proposes planets revolve around sun; not accepted for 14 centuries
• Eratosthenes uses geometry to calculate Earth’s circumference
Mathematics and Physics
• Euclid—mathematician; Elements the basis for courses in geometry

7. Alexander the Great
Education, Military Conquest, Administrative and cultural achievements, historical legacy
Write a plan of how you would teach about 4 areas of Alexander the Great.
-include three major facts you would highlight and how you would teach it (ie a map of Alexanders conquest)

8. Homework

9. Day 2 Why did the Greeks develop myths?
What was a consequence of the Persian War?
What were some of the scientific achievements of the Hellenistic period?

10. Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region
• Latins found original settlement of Rome btwn 1000 and 500 B.C.
• Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome
• Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king in 509 B.C.
• Romans found a republic—government in which citizens elect leaders
What Geographically gave Rome an advantage?

11. Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic
• Patricians—wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power
• Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule
• Tribunes—elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights
• In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets, Twelve Tables, basis for later Roman law and are hung in the Forum
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law
• Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners

12. Government Under the Republic
• Rome elects two consuls—one to lead army, one to direct government
• Senate—chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy
• Democratic assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for common people
• Dictators leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
The Roman Army
• Roman legion—military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry
• By 265 B.C., Rome defeats Etruscans and Greek city states controls Italian peninsula
• Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow

13. Rome’s Commercial Network
• Rome establishes large trading network
• Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome
War with Carthage
•Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C.
• Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in 1st 23yr war
• Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in 2nd Punic War
• Attacks Italy through Spain and France, doesn’t take Rome
Rome Triumphs
• Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C.
• Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149–146 B.C.)

14. List the event and the significance of the following dates
Groups
753, 600, 509, 451, 264, 218, 202, 149, 146
List the event and the significance of the following dates

15. 753 Rome is founded
600 Etruscan becomes king of Rome
509 Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy establish republic
451 Twelve Tables
264 Punic War Begins
218 Second Punic War
202 Rome defeats Hannibal's Army
149 3rd Punic war- Rome lays seige to Carthage
146 Carthage destroyed by Romans

16. Homework

17. Day 3 List and define the 3 groups of people in Early Rome?
What was the significance of the 12 tables?
Explain why some people claim early Rome had a balanced government?

18. The Republic Collapses
• Gap btwn rich and poor widens as Republic grows
• Farmers & former soldiers become homeless
• Two tribunes, Tiberius and Gaius, try to help poor, are murdered
• Civil war Soldiers show loyalty to their army
• Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C.
• Caesar, Crassus, Pompey form a triumvirate—
• Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity and power

19. • Pompey fears Caesar’s growing power and challenges him
• Caesar defeats Pompey’s armies in Greece, Asia, Spain, Egypt
• Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.
Caesar makes reforms: grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor
• Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on March 15, 44 B.C.

20. Death of Caesar

21. 43 B.C., Caesar’s supporters, Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus, take control; become Second Triumvirate - alliance ends in jealousy, violence
• In 31 B.C., Mark Antony and Cleopatra’s forces are defeated at Actium
• Octavian accepts title of Augustus, “exalted one,” and rules Rome
• Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire
• Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler
• Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana

22. • Augustus, Rome’s ablest ruler, creates lasting system of government
• Agriculture most important industry in empire; 90% of Romans farm
• Denarius and Roman roads encourage trade
• Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in both cities and farm- including Gladiators
• Early Romans polytheist & Worship of emperor becomes part of official religion of Rome
• Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government
• 150 holidays and Colosseum events created to control the masses

23. Act out Julius Caesar Chap 6 Sec 2 In Depth resources Unit 2 planner

24. Homework