1. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Lecture Notes Key: ^ means discuss before notes
v means discuss after notes

2. 6. Personality Disorders
Type
Characteristics
Paranoid
Suspiciousness and distrust about others’ motives
Schizoid
Detachment from social relationships
schitzotypal
Acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentricities of behavior
Antisocial
Disregard of the rights of others
Borderline
Instability in personal relationships & self image
Histrionic
Excessive emotionality, need for attention
Narcissistic
Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
Avoidant
Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy
Dependent
Submissive, clinging
Obsessive-Compulsive
Obsession w/orderliness, perfectionism, & control
Personality Disorder - patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work & distress the individual
V Personality disorder - they usually show up by late adolescence & affect all aspects of the individual’s personality, including thought processes, emotions, and behavior.
It’s easy to get mixed up personality disorders with other disorders such as schizophrenia or phobic disorder. The difference is that a disorder such as schizophrenia and phobic are episodes of illness that an individual experiences. They can be distinguished from the individual’s personality. IN contrast, personality disorders are enduring traits that are major components of the individual’s personality.
While most people can live pretty normal lives with mild personality disorders, during times of increased stress or external pressures (work, family, a new relationship, etc.), the symptoms of the personality disorder will gain strength and begin to seriously interfere with their emotional and psychological functioning.
Four Types:
a Paranoid Personality Disorder
b Schizoid Personality Disorder
c Antisocial Personality Disorder
d Avoidant Personality Disorder

3. a. Paranoid Personality Disorder a general distrust & suspiciousness of others,
• doubts everyone • doesn’t confide w/others •  holds grudges •
b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
• a lack of interest in relationships w/other people & lack normal emotional response
V Paranoid personality disorder - These people think that others are set out to harm them. The perceive people’s behavior as threatening or insulting even when it is not. They are difficult to get along with - argumentative and cold.
UNLIKE people with paranoid schizophrenia, people with paranoid personality disorder are not confused about reality. However their view of reality is distorted and they are unlikely to see their mistrust and suspicions as abnormal.
V Schizoid Personality disorder - They do not have tender feelings for or become attached to, other people. They believe people are trying to take advantage of them. They are easily angered by perceived insults that are not apparent to others. They tend to be secretive, jealous, . Thus they tend to be loners, and have few friends. They believe they are faults and attribute their mistakes to others. They are also supersensitive to class, rank and power issues. They resent others who have thing that they don’t.
Symptoms are similar to schizophrenia - People with schizoid personality disorder are reclusive engaging in solitary activities, choosing work with minimal social interactions. Because of this they often appear cold and detached. They can for stable relationships, but they don’t form close relationships, even with family. They take pleasure in few, if any activities and have little desire for sexual experiences. They seldom marry and work in low-level jobs that require little interpersonal contact.
UNLIKE schizoids though, people with this disorder do not have delusions or hallucinations. They stay in touch with reality.

4. c. Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Persistent antisocial pattern of disregard for, & violation of, the rights of others.
• Don’t feel guilt or remorse & continue despite punishment & social rejection
Failure to conform to social norms
Deceitfulness
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
irritability and aggressiveness
Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
irresponsibility.
Lack of remorse.
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V Originally, these people were called PSYCHOPATHS. - label was given to those who committed crimes ranging from beating up little old ladies to committing ax murders. (Serial Killers). Also called SOCIOPATH. Because of their impact on society, antisocial personality disorder has been the subject of more research than any other personality disorder.
THE LAck of conscience is central to this disorder. They repeatedly come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt or anxiety. NOTHING BY the way of drug or psychological treatment works to help them.
In childhood & early adolescence, a person with antisocial personality diosrder may skip school, run away from home, hurt other people or animals, lie, or steal. In adulthood, the person may be aggressive and reckless, have a hard time holding a job, fail to pay bills and debt or break the law. They are very smooth and agreeable on the outside and will go along with .most any treatment that is suggested. They will cooperate, tell you they are getting better, thank you, and seem to be well. But as soon as they are released they go right back to whatever their favorite crime happened to be.
This condition is common in prison populations. Serial Killers like John Wayne Gacy, the notorious serial killer whose lifelong pattern of misbehavior escalated to the rape and murder of more than 30 young men and boys.
The public sees someone with this disorder as mentally ill and "sick-minded" % of criminals in jail have been found to have this personality disorder. Suicide is often contemplated among these people. Charles Manson(Manson founded a hippie cult group known as "the Family" whom he manipulated into brutally killing others on his behalf.)
Ted Bundy(, and Jeffrey Dahmer were all serial killers who had Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Causes?? No one knows. Many have been neglected, &had rough treatment, or abused. But there has been millions of people who have suffered the same, but have not suffered the disorder.s body chemistry & genetics haven’t shown to any significance.

5. c. Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Persistent antisocial pattern of disregard for, & violation of, the rights of others.
• Don’t feel guilt or remorse & continue despite punishment & social rejection
Failure to conform to social norms
Deceitfulness
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
irritability and aggressiveness
Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
irresponsibility.
Lack of remorse.
An embedded link to a 5:25 minute Ted Bundy Youtube video clip begins here.
Mac users, click on black circle to open browser and view a 5:25 minute Ted Bundy Youtube video clip.
Original link: _68uZlsw
V Originally, these people were called PSYCHOPATHS. - label was given to those who committed crimes ranging from beating up little old ladies to committing ax murders. (Serial Killers). Also called SOCIOPATH. Because of their impact on society, antisocial personality disorder has been the subject of more research than any other personality disorder.
THE LAck of conscience is central to this disorder. They repeatedly come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt or anxiety. NOTHING BY the way of drug or psychological treatment works to help them.
In childhood & early adolescence, a person with antisocial personality diosrder may skip school, run away from home, hurt other people or animals, lie, or steal. In adulthood, the person may be aggressive and reckless, have a hard time holding a job, fail to pay bills and debt or break the law. They are very smooth and agreeable on the outside and will go along with .most any treatment that is suggested. They will cooperate, tell you they are getting better, thank you, and seem to be well. But as soon as they are released they go right back to whatever their favorite crime happened to be.
This condition is common in prison populations. Serial Killers like John Wayne Gacy, the notorious serial killer whose lifelong pattern of misbehavior escalated to the rape and murder of more than 30 young men and boys.
The public sees someone with this disorder as mentally ill and "sick-minded" % of criminals in jail have been found to have this personality disorder. Suicide is often contemplated among these people. Charles Manson(Manson founded a hippie cult group known as "the Family" whom he manipulated into brutally killing others on his behalf.)
Ted Bundy(, and Jeffrey Dahmer were all serial killers who had Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Causes?? No one knows. Many have been neglected, &had rough treatment, or abused. But there has been millions of people who have suffered the same, but have not suffered the disorder.s body chemistry & genetics haven’t shown to any significance.

6. c. Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Persistent antisocial pattern of disregard for, & violation of, the rights of others.
• Don’t feel guilt or remorse & continue despite punishment & social rejection
Failure to conform to social norms
Deceitfulness
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
irritability and aggressiveness
Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
irresponsibility.
Lack of remorse.
An embedded link to a 5:44 minute Ted Bundy Youtube video clip begins here.
Mac users, click on black circle to open browser and view a 5:44 minute Ted Bundy Youtube video clip.
Original link: WzTY&feature=youtu.be
Ted Bundy - He was attractive, smart, and had a future in politics. He was also one of the most prolific serial killers in U.S. history. Ted Bundy screamed his innocence until his death in the electric chair became imminent, then he tried to use his victims one more time - to keep himself alive. His plan failed and the world got a glimpse of the true evil inside him.
The public sees someone with this disorder as mentally ill and "sick-minded" % of criminals in jail have been found to have this personality disorder. Suicide is often contemplated among these people. Charles Manson(Manson founded a hippie cult group known as "the Family" whom he manipulated into brutally killing others on his behalf.)
Ted Bundy(, and Jeffrey Dahmer were all serial killers who had Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Causes?? No one know for sure. Many have been neglected, & had rough treatment, or abused. But there has been millions of people who have suffered the same, but have not suffered the disorders. Body chemistry & genetics haven’t shown to any significance.

7. d. Avoidant Personality Disorder:
At least four of the following:
A.   Avoid activities that involves interpersonal contact.
B.   Avoids get involved due to a fear of not being liked by others.
C.   Restraint in intimate relationships due to a fear of shame or ridicule.
D.   Marked preoccupation of being rejected or criticized by others.
E.   Stay away from new interpersonal situations due to feelings of inadequacies.
F.   Views oneself as inferior,  socially inept,  or personally unappealing.
G.   Takes few if any personal risks in the engagement of new activities,  for a fear of being embarrassed.
V Avoidant Personality disorder - They act shy and withdrawn in social situations, always afraid they will say or do something foolish or embarrassing. The symptoms of avoidant personality disorder are similar to those of social phobia, and they virtually always have social phobias as well.
least four of the following:
A.   Avoid activities that involves interpersonal contact.
B.  Avoids get involved due to a fear of not being liked by others.
C.   Restraint in intimate relationships due to a fear of shame or ridicule.
D.   Marked preoccupation of being rejected or criticized by others.
E.   Stay away from new interpersonal situations due to feelings of inadequacies.
F.   Views oneself as inferior,  socially inept,  or personally unappealing.
G.   Takes few if any personal risks in the engagement of new activities,  for a fear of being embarrassed.
d. Avoidant Personality Disorder:
• people want relationships with others but can’t because they fear disapproval of others

8. Causes:
Psychodynamic Explanation - no development of a conscience or superego. - Research shows children rejected and harshly punished tend to lack guilt.
Learning theorists - Children are reinforced for bad behavior rather than good behavior
V Psychoanalytic - In support of Freud’s view, research has found that children who are rejected by adults and harshly punished rather than treated with affection tend to lack a sense of guilt.
*(POLL)**According to findings : Women are more likely to feel guilty about perceived immoral behavior, whereas men are more likely to fear being caught.
V Learning Theorists - Other Learning theorists say that if a child lacks appropriate role models and when the role models they encounter act aggressively they will develop a personality disorder.
Biological
Heredity shows there is a link between relatives with the disorder, even with adopted subjects.