1. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS27, Nice 6-11 April 2003
Page 1
EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS27, Nice 6-11 April 2003
A survey of non-LTE atmospheric emissions as measured by MIPAS/Envisat
M. López-Puertas for the IMK-IAA MIPAS Group:
B. Funke, M. García-Comas, S. Gil-López, M. López-Puertas,
M.Á. López-Valverde
(IAA, Granada)
T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner,
S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, G. Mengistu Tsidu,
M. Milz, T. Steck, G.P. Stiller, D.Y. Wang
(IMK, Karlsruhe)

2. Contents Introduction
Some "first-detected" NLTE emissions obverved by MIPAS
Retrievals of NLTE parameters (CO2 4.3 µm, NO2 chem. exc.)
Retrievals of pressure/temperature and vmrs under NLTE
Pressure-Temperature
Ozone, NO, NO2, CO
Conclusions

3. Introduction
Unprecedented data measured by MIPAS for non-LTE studies:
 Spectra of high resolution (0.035 cm-1) and wide coverage ( µm)
 High sensitivity (30-3 nW/(cm2 sr cm-1))
 Global spatial (pole-to pole) and temporal (day and night) coverages.
Two approaches:
 Analysis of spectra for gaining new non-LTE information
 Retrievals of geophysical parameters which required non-LTE (known)
Data used:
 Nominal MIPAS mode: 3 km, 47, 52, 60, 68 km
 Upper Atmosphere mode (5 orbits, 1 Jul 2002): km.

4. MIPAS spectra, Band A, Th 68 km
Night
Day
Non-LTE CO2 10µm laser emissions
Warmer nighttime temperatures

5. MIPAS upper atmosphere data Orbits 1748-52. 1 July 2002

6. NLTE Daytime enhancement in CO2 15µm%
cm-1

7. MIPAS spectra, Band AB, Th 68 km
Night
Day O
Non-LTE CO2 10µm laser band
O3 9.6 µm ( )

8. MIPAS spectra, Band B, Th=66 km
Night
Day

9. NLTE in CH4,TH=66 km
Day SH
Day NH
Night

10. NLTE Daytime enhancement in CH4
cm-1 %

11. MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th=30 km
Night
Day
Signal larger at night because NO2 is larger

12. Retrieval of NO2 chem exct. rate
Orbit 2108
(24 July)

13. MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km
Night
Day
H2O HOT band lines

14. MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km, H2O FH
Night
Day
H2O fundamental band lines
H2O HOT band lines

15. NLTE Daytime enhancement in H2O%
(D+N)
cm-1

16. MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km
Night
Day
CO2 NO CO

17. MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km, NO
- Rotational and spin nitric oxide lines resolved.
- Larger at daytime, as expected
- Most of radiation coming from the thermosphere
Night
Day

18. Band D, Th=101 km, NO 5.3µm hot band
Night
Day
NO(2-1)
NO(2-1)

19. O3(102001) HB at 56 km
Night
Day SH
DAY NH

20. Band D, Th 68 km, CO
Night
Day

21. CO(21) hot band at 71 km
Night
Day

22. OH(98) emission -------- Night, 76km -------- Night, 81km

23. Band D, Th=68 km, CO2 4.3 µm
CO2 hot (mainly) and fundamental (small) bands
CO2 fundamental band
CO2, 636- isotope lines

24. CO2 collisional rates in the 2.7µm levels
SH3
SH2 FB
628 FH
SH1
626
636

25. The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (1)
Jointly developed IMK-IAA non-LTE processor for retrievals of p-T, vmr's, and NLTE parameters.

26. The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (2)
Optimization algorithm
Iterative constrained nonlinear least squares global fit
Regularisation: Tikhonov smoothing (Temperature, vmr's) Optimal estimation (LOS and CO2)
Forward model: KOPRA
Line-by-line radiative transfer model
Interface for NLTE-model
Computes spectra and Jacobians for LTE and non-LTE

27. The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (3)
The non-LTE model: the Generic RAdiative traNsfer AnD non-LTE population Algorithm (GRANADA)
Calculation of vibrational populations, and their derivitavies w.r.t the NLTE retrieval parameters
Generic: same algorithm used for calculating non-LTE populations of different gases (CO2,O3, CO, NO, NO2, H2O, OH, etc.)
Very flexible. User defines the energy levels and transitions, iteration strategies, process definition, etc.
Rotational (and spin-orbit) non-LTE
Line-by-line and line independent radiative transfer (KOPRA)
Inversion of multilevel steady state equation by using Lambda iteration or Curtis matrix formalism
Interface module to forward model

28. Pressure-temperature in the upper atmosphere
1 July 2002, Orbit 1750
NP Eq SP Eq NP

29. CO2 vmr in the upper atmosphere
1 July 2002
Orbit 1750
NP Eq

30. O3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (2)
NIGHTTIME
DAYTIME
1 July 2002, Orbits

31. O3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (1)
1 July 2002, Orbit 1750
NIGHT
86ºS
DAY
78ºN
O3 tertiary max.

32. CO vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere
1 July 2002, Orbit 1748
Eq SP Eq NP Eq

33. Nitric Oxide (NO)
1 July 2002, Orbit 1748
Eq SP Eq NP Eq

34. NO2
1 July 2002, Orbit 1748
Eq SP Eq NP Eq

35. Conclusions
MIPAS measurements are an unprecendent dataset for improving our knowledge of non-LTE processes in the atmopshere
By including non-LTE, we have been able to retrieve many geophysical parameters (p-T, O3, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2O, CH4) from the stratosphere up to the lower thermosphere

36. End of Presentation