1. Chemistry NOMENCLATURE
Monatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
Common Ions
Ionic Compounds
Binary Covalent Compounds
Acids

2. IONS Review of definition
- Atoms that have gained or loss one or more electrons resulting in a charge.
Review of types of ions
- Cations
- Anions

3. Review Quiz Questions 1) What is the formula for table salt?
2) Which ion is larger?
3) Is the formation of table salt endothermic or exothermic?
4) One step in creating table salt holds a tremendous energy change, name this step.
5) Explain how electrostatic forces are arranged in an ionic compound.

4. IONS Monatomic v. Polyatomic Ions - A single atom with a charge.
- A group of atoms with a charge.
Examples:
Ca2+ N3-
SO42- OH1-

5. MONATOMIC IONS Naming of Monatomic Cations Name the element
If the element has only one possible ion, write the word ion.
Which ones have only one ion?
Gp. I, Gp. II, Al, Ga, In, Zn, Cd and Ag

6. MONATOMIC IONS Naming of Monatomic Cations Name the element.
If the element has more than one possible ion, write the roman numeral that corresponds to the charge of the ion then the word ion.

7. MONATOMIC IONS Barium ion EXAMPLES: Ba2+ Element Name Location of ion
One type of ion
Barium ion

8. MONATOMIC IONS Silver ion EXAMPLES: Ag1+ Element Name Location of ion
One type of ion
Silver ion

9. MONATOMIC IONS Copper (I) ion EXAMPLES: Cu1+ Element Name
Location of ion
Multiple ions
Copper (I) ion

10. MONATOMIC IONS Naming Monatomic Anions Determine the element.
Write the root word for the element.
Write the suffix –ide then the word ion.

11. MONATOMIC IONS bromide ion EXAMPLES: Br1- Element Root word
bromine
Root word
bromo-
Suffix and ion
bromide ion

12. MONATOMIC IONS nitride ion EXAMPLES: N3- Element Root word
nitrogen
Root word
nitro-
Suffix and ion
nitride ion

13. MONATOMIC IONS Writing Monatomic Cations Write the element symbol.
Locate the element:
If the ion has one charge, write it in superscript form.
If ion has more than one charge, use the roman numeral as the charge and write it in superscript form.

14. MONATOMIC IONS Li1+ EXAMPLES: Lithium ion Element symbol
Location of element
Gp. 1 – 1+
Li1+

15. MONATOMIC IONS Al3+ EXAMPLES: Aluminum ion Element symbol
Location of element
Special element – 3+
Al3+

16. MONATOMIC IONS Co2+ EXAMPLES: Cobalt (II) ion Element symbol
Location of element
Varying charges – 2+
Co2+

17. MONATOMIC IONS Writing Monatomic Anions Write element symbol.
Locate the element to determine the charge and write it in superscript form.

18. MONATOMIC IONS C4- EXAMPLES: Carbide ion Element symbol
Location of element
Gp. 14 – 4-
C4-

19. MONATOMIC IONS Se2- EXAMPLES: Selenide ion Element symbol
Location of element
Gp. 16 – 2-
Se2-

20. POLYATOMIC IONS Naming and Writing Polyatomic Ions
Find the list of polyatomic ions in your book or memorize.
Holt Chemistry – p. 178
The polyatomic ions that you are responsible for are:

21. POLYATOMIC IONS Ammonium ion NH41+ Hydroxide ion OH1- Cyanide ion CN1-
Acetate ion C2H3OO1-
Nitrate ion NO31-
Nitrite ion NO21-
Permanganate ion MnO41-

22. POLYATOMIC IONS Carbonate ion CO32- Chromate ion CrO42-
Dichromate ion Cr2O72-
Sulfate ion SO42-
Sulfite ion SO32-
Thiosulfate ion S2O32-
Phosphate ion PO43-

23. COMMON IONS Certain cations have kept the “old” nomenclature of ions.
The original name of the element is used.
The suffix of –ous means that the lesser positive ion is represented.
The suffix of –ic means that the more positive ion is represented.

24. COMMON IONS Fe3+ EXAMPLES: Ferric ion Latin derivative of:
Iron (ferrum) - Fe
Possible ions:
2+, 3+
Fe3+

25. COMMON IONS Sn2+ EXAMPLES: Stannous ion Latin derivative of:
Tin (stannum) - Sn
Possible ions:
2+, 4+
Sn2+

26. IONIC COMPOUNDS
Ionic compounds are neutral compounds formed when two oppositely charge ions attract to each other.
(electrostatic nature of matter)

27. IONIC COMPOUNDS Writing Ionic Compounds
Write the symbol and charge of the cation. (previous rules)
Write the symbol and charge of the anion. (previous rules)
Perform the X-Method
Clean up your subscripts.

28. IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Calcium chloride
Cation
- Ca2+
Anion
- Cl1-

29. IONIC COMPOUNDS CaCl2 EXAMPLES: Calcium chloride X-Method - Ca2+ Cl1-
Clean Up
CaCl2

30. Chromium (III) phosphate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Chromium (III) phosphate
Cation
- Cr3+
Anion
- PO43-

31. Chromium (III) phosphate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Chromium (III) phosphate
X-Method
- Cr3+ PO43-
- Cr3(PO4)3
Clean Up
CrPO4

32. IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Lead (IV) oxide
Cation
- Pb4+
Anion
- O2-

33. IONIC COMPOUNDS PbO2 EXAMPLES: Lead (IV) oxide X-Method - Pb4+ O2-
Clean Up
PbO2

34. IONIC COMPOUNDS Naming Ionic Compounds
Name the cation (previous rules) – may have to calculate the ionic charge
Name the anion (previous rules)

35. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: AlPO4 Cation - aluminum Roman Numerals?
- no
Anion
- phosphate

36. IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Aluminum phosphate

37. IONIC COMPOUNDS
If the cation has multiple charges, you must calculate the charge of the ion.
The following steps can be used to determine the charge of the cation.

38. IONIC COMPOUNDS Determine number of cations.
Determine number of anions.
Determine the charge of the anion.
Draw a line under the compound.

39. IONIC COMPOUNDS Calculate the overall negative charge of the anion.
Set an equation equal to zero.
Calculate the overall positive charge of the cation.
Calculate the cation charge.

40. IONIC COMPOUNDS Cation Roman Numerals? Anion - nitrate EXAMPLES:
Ni(NO3)2
Cation
- nickel
Roman Numerals?
- yes
Anion
- nitrate

41. IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Nickel (II) nitrate

42. IONIC COMPOUNDS Cation Roman Numerals? Anion EXAMPLES: Sn(SO4)2 - tin
- yes
Anion
- sulfate

43. IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Tin (IV) sulfate

44. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Ti2S3 Cation - titanium Roman Numerals?
- yes
Anion
- sulfide

45. Titanium (III) sulfide
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Titanium (III) sulfide

46. COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Covalent compounds are neutral compounds formed when two or more atoms share their valence electrons.
Nonmetal combines with nonmetal

47. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Writing Binary Covalent Compounds
Write the element symbol for the first nonmetal.
Write the subscript needed.
Write the symbol for the second nonmetal.

48. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Subscripts and Prefixes Mono – 1 Hexa – 6
Di – 2 Hepta – 7
Tri – 3 Octa – 8
Tetra – 4 Nona – 9
Penta – 5 Deca – 10

49. COVALENT COMPOUNDS First nonmetal: N Subscript: 2 Second Nonmetal: O
EXAMPLES:
Dinitrogen monoxide
First nonmetal: N
Subscript: 2
Second Nonmetal: O
Subsript: 1

50. COVALENT COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
N2O

51. Selenium hexafluoride
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Selenium hexafluoride
First nonmetal: Se
Subscript: 1
Second Nonmetal: F
Subsript: 6

52. COVALENT COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
SeF6

53. COVALENT COMPOUNDS First nonmetal: N Subscript: 2 Second Nonmetal: O
EXAMPLES:
Dinitrogen tetroxide
First nonmetal: N
Subscript: 2
Second Nonmetal: O
Subsript: 4

54. COVALENT COMPOUNDS N2O4 ANSWER:
Do not reduce subscripts for binary covalent compounds.
The ratio is correct for the number of atoms present to share the electrons correctly.

55. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Naming Binary Covalent Compounds
Determine the prefix needed.
Name the first nonmetal.
Name the second nonmetal as if it were a monatomic anion.

56. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Prefix – di Element name – phosphorus Prefix – tri
EXAMPLES:
P2O3
Prefix – di
Element name – phosphorus
Prefix – tri
Element name as anion – oxide

57. Diphosphorus trioxide
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
Diphosphorus trioxide

58. COVALENT COMPOUNDS NCl3 Prefix – none needed Element name – nitrogen
EXAMPLES:
NCl3
Prefix – none needed
Element name – nitrogen
Prefix – tri
Element name as anion – chloride

59. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Nitrogen trichloride ANSWER:
Never use the prefix mono for the first nonmetal.

60. COVALENT COMPOUNDS CO Prefix – none needed Element name – carbon
EXAMPLES: CO
Prefix – none needed
Element name – carbon
Prefix – mono
Element name as anion – oxide

61. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Carbon monoxide ANSWER:
Never use the prefix mono for the first nonmetal.
Always use the prefix of mono for the second nonmetal.

62. ACIDS Acids are compounds that begin with hydrogen.
Monoprotic v. Polyprotic
Monoprotic acids have one acidic hydrogen.
Polyprotic acids have more than one acidic hydrogen.

63. ACIDS Binary Acids v. Ternary Acids Binary acids have no oxygen.
Ternary acids contain oxygen (oxyacids)

64. ACIDS Naming Binary Acids Write the prefix hydro-.
Use the root word of the anion.
Write the suffix –ic.
Write the word acid.

65. ACIDS
EXAMPLES: HI
Hydro-
-iodo-
-ic
Hydroiodic acid

66. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
H3P
Hydro-
-phosphor-
-ic
Hydrophosphoric acid

67. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
HCN
Hydro-
-cyana-
-ic
Hydrocyanic acid

68. ACIDS Writing Binary Acids Write H1+
Write the anion’s symbol and charge.
Perform the X-method.
Clean up the subscripts.

69. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Hydrosulfuric acid
H1+
S2-
H2S

70. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Hydrochloric acid
H1+
Cl1-
HCl

71. ACIDS Naming Ternary Acids Use the root word of the anion.
Write the suffix –ic or -ous.
If the anion ends in –ate, use –ic.
If the anion ends in –ite, use –ous.
Write the word acid.

72. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
H2SO4
sulfur-
-ic
Sulfuric acid

73. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
HNO2
nitro-
-ous
Nitrous acid

74. ACIDS Writing Ternary Acids Write H1+
Write the anion’s symbol and charge.
Perform the X-method.
Clean up the subscripts.

75. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Acetic acid
H1+
C2H3O21-
HC2H3O2

76. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Phosphoric acid
H1+
PO43-
H3PO4

77. ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Chlorous acid
H1+
ClO21-
HClO2