1. The Skeleton: bones and joints
Chapter 7
The Skeleton: bones and joints

2. Objectives List functions of bones Describe structure of a long bone
Differentiate between compact and spongy bone
Differentiate between red and yellow marrow
Name 3 different types of cells in bone and give function
Explain how long bones grow
Name and describe various markings found on bones
List the bones in axial skeleton
Explain purpose of fontanels
Describe and explain curvature of spine
List bones in appendicular skeleton
Compare structure of male and female pelvis
Name 5 bone disorders
Name and describe 8 types of fractures
Describe how the skeleton changes with age
Describe the 3 types of joints
Describe and give examples of synovial joints
Demonstrate 6 types of movement occurring at synovial joints
Describe 4 types of arthritis
List causes of backaches
Describe method used to correct diseases joints

3. BONES Main functions: - serve as body framework protect organs
Bone tissue is the most dense form of connective tissue and must be strong enough to support and protect the body structures.
Main functions:
- serve as body framework
protect organs
serve as levers for movement
store calcium cells
form blood cells

4. Bone Structure Bone tissue Bone marrow Bone membranes
Known as skeleton. Composed of bones. Divided into axial and appendicular. Can be long, short, flat or irregular. Long bone has a diaphysis and epiphysis.
Bone tissue
Bone marrow
Bone membranes

5. Bone Growth and Repair Bone cells Formation of long bone
- begins in the center of shaft and continues to grow in length at epiphyseal plates

6. Bone Markings Bones have depressions and/or projections.
Other than their shape….bones have other distinguishing markings.
Bones have depressions and/or projections.

7. Bone Markings Projections: Head, Process, Condyle, Crest, and Spine
Depressions or Holes: Foramen, Sinus, Fossa, Meatus

8. Bones of the Axial Skeleton
Consists of 80 bones
Includes the bony framework of the head and trunk
Know: Skull (Adult and Infant)
Facial Bones and Ear Bones
Trunk (Vertebral Column and Thorax)

9. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of 126 bones
Forms the framework for the extremities, shoulders and hips
Know: Shoulder Girdle
Upper Extremity
Pelvis
Lower Extremity

10. Disorders of Bone
- Include Metabolic Disorders, Tumors, Infections and Structural Problems.
Many can be diagnosed with X- ray studies

11. Joints 3 types of joints Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
Synovial are the most common!

12. Synovial Joints Types Movements Gliding Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle
Ball-and-Socket
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Supination
Inversion
Dorsiflexion

13. Disorders of Joints Dislocation Sprain Herniated Disc Arthritis
Backache
Doctors frequently use arthroscope to exam and repair injured joints.