1. Please do the following: Get your journal from the back table.
Welcome to Class!
Please do the following:
Get your journal from the back table.
Get a writing utensil
Activate the BRAIN??

2. Warm-Up Oct 18 & 19
Based on the requirements for life you learned last time, are these things alive?!? Give one reason per item.
Apple
Bacteria
Skull
Seed

3. Warm Up Review Apple- Not alive, but once was. Can’t metabolize.
Bacteria—Alive! It can reproduce.
Skull—Not alive, but once was. Can’t respond to environment.
Seed—Not alive, dormant, can turn into a living thing. But right now can’t metabolize or respond to environment.

4. Characteristics of Life Review
Made up of cells
Reproduce
Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)
Grow and Develop
Need materials and energy
Respond to environment
Internal balance (homeostasis)
Evolve

5. Learning Targets
I can hypothesize and explain pieces of evidence for evolution.
I can use information from rock layers to describe historical environmental conditions.

6. Evidence For Evolution Notes
How do we know evolution happens? We look at:
Fossil Record
a. Relative and Radiometric Dating
DNA Comparisons
Body Structures
Comparing Embryos
Antibiotic Resistance and Viruses

7. Gifts from the Past Activity
Title your next page in your Notes section “Gifts from the Past” add today’s date.
Copy Focus Question:
What can Fossils & Rock Layers tell us about ancient life on Earth?
(Leave 3-4 lines to answer this later today).

8. Determining Fossil Environment
Part 1: With each fossil do the following
A. Draw what it looks like in your notebook.
B. What organism does it look like that is alive today? Give your best guess.
C. What type of environment do you think this fossil lived in?
All marine-type environment (except petrified wood possibly).

9. Notes: Things Rocks can Tell Us
What lived in that environment.
What the environment looked like.
How the environment has changed over time.
What things are more recent or ancient.

10. Types of Fossils
Trace fossils – markings left by animals (footprints, trail, burrow).
Casts – Minerals fill a space left by a decaying organism.
Petrified Fossils – Minerals penetrate, replace hard parts of organism, producing a copy.

11. Types of Fossils
Carborn Imprints – Thin object that leaves an imprint when sediment hardens.
Molds – Organism is buried then decays, leaving a gap.
Amber-Preserved / Frozen – An organism is trapped in ice or sap that hardens.

12. How is this a “Gift from the Past?”

13. Notes: Types of Environments and the Rocks that you find there.

14. Rock types describe environments
Shale Rock
If the fossil lived in low-moving fresh water floodplain, lake or lagoon…then shale rock is present.

15. Rock types describe environments
Dolomite Rock
If the fossil is found in dolomite rock…then it was formed in salty lagoons.

16. Rock types describe environments
Limestone Rock
If the fossil lived in shallow, warm, salt water marine environments with lots of Calcium Carbonate (like seashells)…then Limestone would form around it.

17. What was it like then?
Sandstone Rock –can tell us about past environments
Terrestrial (Land-based):
Rivers (sandbars, mouth)
Glacial outwash
Deserts
Lakes
Marine (Ocean-based):
Beach
Tidal flats
River/ocean deltas

18. Where you won’t find fossils…
Fossils are usually not found in igneous or metamorphic rock (rock developed from lava/volcanic eruptions)
On hillsides…only look at sedimentary rock which include shale, sandstone, limestone, and dolomite.

19. We can tell what the environment was like in different eras of the Grand Canyon based on the rock types!

21. How rock layers work Which scoop was placed first? Second? Last?
How do you know?
Law of Superposition!
The oldest layers are at the bottom!

22. Layers with Fossils (Stratigraphy)
Which layer with fossils came first?
Which fossil layer came last?

23. Let’s have fun with fossils and stratigraphy!

24. Gifts from the Past Part 2
Place the fossils on the poster where they would most logically be found (using info. from these notes)
Hint: metamorphic rock (written in green) and Igneous rock (red) don’t usually hold fossils
Sketch the hillside in your lab book, complete with labeled layers and your final placement. Use a whole page.
Write one reason next to each fossil for it’s placement

25. Example Brachiopod: Card says it has few living descendants
It is a marine clam
Look at notes…it can only
form in _____________
It is probably old? young?

26. Big Takeaways
What kind of organisms are found in this Colorado hillside?
What does this tell us about Earth’s history?
Answer this question in 3-4 sentences (should have been written at the beginning of your notes)
What can Fossils & Rock Layers tell us about ancient life on Earth?

27. In Notebook:
Which fossil is older: Placoderm or Horn Coral? Explain your reasoning.
Choose 2 fossils. Explain the environment you think they lived in.
How have the environment & organisms changed over time?

28. Due Next Time Homework handout in Journal. Fossil Rock Anthem Review: