1. Health Literacy survey in Vietnam
Research institution:
Hanoi School of Public Health
Ghep vao slide truoc
Presentation by
Nguyen Trung Kien, MA, Lecturer
Faculty of Social Science, Behavior and Health Education

2. OUTLINE Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
Further research 1 2 3 4 5 6

3. INTRODUCTION
Several health studies focused on knowledge, attitude and practice or behavior of specific groups of people relate to specific diseases.
Lack of Health Literacy studies in Vietnam so far

4. Literacy in Vietnam and neighbor countries (UNESCO, 2013)
Slide ve Literacy nen trinh bay truoc HL
Recent years, adult literacy rate in Vietnam has increased gradually (93,4% in 2011; target 94% in 2015)
In Malaysia: 93,1% in 2010; target 94,5% in 2015

5. Objectives This survey aims:
To estimate the health literacy of Vietnamese people in some areas of Vietnam
To describe the determinants of health literacy among these target pops
To describe the consequences of limited health literacy for health behaviors, health risks, self-perceived health status
Em phai bam sat muc tieu cua survey tren cac nhom doi tuong de chuan bi presentation – vi day la report ve ket qua survey – khong trinh bay nhu kieu y tuong ve proposal nhu lan truoc toi trinh bay.

6. Methods Phai co slides mo ta ve method cua survey: theo order
+ design? + sample size? Sampling? + variables? + data collection? + instrument? + data analysis? Others (if necessary)
Dung cac slides tiep theo de sap xep va revise lai cho phu hop

7. HLS-Asia-Questionnaire
Forth and back translation from HLS-EU-Q
Discuss and finalize the translation
Beside the original 86 questions, another 18 questionnaires were added to reflect the local diversities.
HLS – ASIA – Q
Demographics
(9 questions, added 11 questions)
Health Literacy Survey
(47 questions)
Personal Health Information
(15 questions, added 4 questions and 3 sub questions)
Social and economics information (7 questions, added 3 questions)
Functional health Information
(7 questions)
Total: 104 questions
HLS –EU – Q
Health Literacy Survey
(47 questions)
Personal Health Information
(15 questions)
Functional health Information
(7 questions)
Demographics
(9 questions)
Social and economics information (7 questions)
Total: 86 questions
To add a brief intro of the HL-EU project and draw the connections, process of development --- how? The ‘transfer’/ ‘translation’process: HL-EU into HLSA

8. Methods - instrument self-administrated questionnaire Instrument:
Questionnaire of HLS-Asia was translated into Vietnamese, and then back translated
Face validation with experts
Will pre-test with the target participants
Data collection:
self-administrated questionnaire

9. Sampling
Research sites – Chi Linh town, Hai Duong province & 2 universities in Hanoi
Hanoi capital
Ward BenTam University of social sciences and humanities & Hanoi school of public health
Rural VanAn sampling (multistage)
Mountainous LeLoi

10. Results

11. Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of Hai Duong and 2 Hanoi universities randomly sampled population (n=966)
Variables
Values n
Percentage HL
Age
Range 15-93
43.71 ± 18.7
15-24
184
19.0 30
25-34
157
16.3
35-44
165
17.1 28
45-54
181
18.7 29
55-64
123
12.7
65 and older
156
16.1
Gender
Female
527
54.6
Male
439
45.4
The highest education attainment
Junior high school and below
164
17.3 25
Senior high school
681
70.5
University and above
118
12.2 33
Marital status
Not in marriage
298
30.8
Ever been married (married, divorced, widowed)
668
69.2
Religious belief
Non-specific religion
846
87.6
Religion (Buddhism, Taoism, Christian, Catholics, Islam, Others)
120
12.4 24
Nen chia lam 2 slides cho ro rang vi chu qua be: (1) AGE + GENDER ; (2) the rest

12. Percentage distribution of Comprehensive HL levels and sub-domains

13. Determinants of Heath Literacy

14. Table 2: The association between demographic and socioeconomic of the population and their general health literacy, simple linear regression model
Variables
β (SE) + p
Age
(0.015)
.002
Gender
Female
Male
(0.577)
.648
Marital status
Ever been married
Not in marriage
0.633 (0.638)
.321
Location
Mountainous
Rural
4.724 (0.780)
<.001
Ward
8.786 (0.830)
University
5.290 (1.647)
Religious belief
Religion
None religion
5.422(0.854)
The highest attained education
University and above
Senior high school
(0.829)
< .001
Junior high school and below
(1.135)
Self-perceived social status
0.240 (0.170)
.159
Nen tach bang cho ro rang; chu y neu denominator la quan the nao cho ro rang va de hieu khi present. Chu y meaning cua regression model – the hien xu huong khac biet giua cac nhom cua IV? Noi khac di co moi lien quan voi DV la HL ko?

15. Table 2: (con’t) Variables β (SE) + p Net income per month
Community involvement
Often
Sometimes
-3.404(1.785)
.058
Seldom
(2.049)
.039
Not at all
(1.917)
.007
Net income per month
-0.131(0.068)
.054
Able to pay for medication
Very easy
Fairy easy
(0.360)
< .001
Fairy difficult
(0.399)
Very difficult
(0.622)
Afford to see doctor
(0.363)
.046
(0.433)
(0.654)
.056
Watching medical TV
(0.269)
.008
Rarely
(0.287)
Never
(0.294)
tuong tu slide truoc
+ The differences (first category as the reference) were estimated by simple linear regression models

16. Correlations between several economic factors
Spearman’s rho
Pay for medication
Afford doctor
Pay the bills
Income
1.00
.800**
.312**
-.134**
Afford to see doctor
.300**
.145**
Afford to pay bills
-.081*
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed.
“Able to pay for medication” a good presenter for economic status

17. Table 3: The association between determinants and general HL, multiple linear regression model
Variables
β (SE) + p
Age
(0.005)
.499
Gender
Female
Male
0.194 (0.149)
.193
Location
Rural
Mountainous
0.241 (0.391)
.538
Ward
(0.524)
.642
Education
University and above
Senior high school
(0.274)
.005
Junior high school and below
(0.217)
.089
Nen tach 2 bang cho ro – present chi nen nhan manh den nhung lien quan co y nghia
chu y neu denominator la quan the nao cho ro rang va de hieu khi present. Chu y meaning cua regression model – the hien xu huong khac biet giua cac nhom cua IV? Noi khac di co moi lien quan voi DV la HL ko?

18. Table 3: (cont’d) Variables β (SE) + p Able to pay for medication
Very easy
Fairy easy
(0.244)
.019
Fairy difficult
(0.273)
< .001
Very difficult
(0.386)
.003
Receiving medical training
Yes No
0.377(0.383)
.325
Watching medical TV
Often
Sometimes
(0.259)
.007
Rarely
(0.277)
Never
(0.284)
+ The differences (the first category as the reference) were estimated by multiple linear regression models

19. Table 4: Consequences of general health literacy, multiple linear regression model
Consequences of HL
β (SE) + p
Health behaviours and risks
Physical activities
-1.582(0.259)
<.001
Alcohol consumption
-4.404(1.813)
.015
Smoking
-.459(0.464)
.322
Health status
Self-perceived health
1.741(0.519)
.001
Long-term illness
-1.489(0.838)
.076
Limitation related to health problem
1.631(0.944)
.084
Frequency of doctor visits
Western medicine doctor
-0.943(0.489)
.054
Dentists
1.584(0.681)
.020
Chinese medicine doctor
-1.535(0.761)
.044
Waiting time for appointment
-.588(.279)
.035
0.424(0.427)
.321
1.216(0.509)
.017
Able to afford to see the doctor
-2.647(0.692)
Nen tach rieng 2 slides cho ro rang
Neu ro denominator (quan the mau – toan bo hay nhom cu the nao)
+ Coefficient value (when HL change one unit) after adjusted for age, gender, social status, income

20. Conclusion

21. Determinations of HL Vietnam
Demographics: residency location, religion.
Socio-economics Education, financial deprivation, afford to see doctor.
Self-perceived health
Others watching medical TV program, frequency of doctor visits

22. Outcomes Health behaviours and risks
Physical activities: Unable to do, not at all, few a month, few a week, daily
Alcohol consumption: None, light, moderate, excessive, very excessive
Self-perceived health, long-term illness, limited activities by health problems
Frequency of doctors’ visits Western medicine doctor, Dentist, Chinese medicine doctor
Waiting time for appointment Western medicine doctor, Dentist, Chinese medicine doctor

23. Further research Analyze the data combined with Hai Phong University
Have a significant data of Health Literacy in Vietnam (data form the Center and North of )Vietnam
Compare with those of neighbor countries in Asia-Pacific region
Apply HLS(16) questionnaire

24. Thank you for your attention!
For all