1. Adverbial Clauses

2. Something to notice….
When you're sitting at the table with the Butlers in one of the rooms they built themselves, looking out at the fir tree the chickadees like so much; when you're crossing the covered bridge at Woodstock or driving up Mount Equinox with its unspoiled views out across the state; when you're strolling on the common in Townshend in October, or on the Weston Green; when you're looking down on Pomfret from the Cloudland Road and noticing all the ugliness that isn't there, anywhere to be seen; and when you think about what so much of the rest of America has become, preventing the future in this one small place doesn't seem like such a bad idea. (Kuralt, 1995, p. 232)

3. Adverbial Clauses… …of time …of reason or purpose …of contrast
…of degree

4. Adverbial clauses (ADV)
Expressing time…

5. Time references… …as single words or phrases …as clauses
I've done it before. (Grisham, 2010, p. 143)
Mr. Duffy is expected to testify this afternoon, and he's the last witness. (Grisham, 2010, p. 184)
…as clauses
I hung there for a full minute before I thought of the hamburger. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 43)

6. Time references… …as single words or phrases …as clauses
I've done it before. (Grisham, 2010, p. 143)
Mr. Duffy is expected to testify this afternoon, and he's the last witness. (Grisham, 2010, p. 184)
…as clauses
I hung there for a full minute before I thought of the hamburger. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 43)

7. Time references? (a)
Yes, but your parents need to see this guy as soon as possible. (Grisham, 2010, p. 42)
What happens after you talk to him? (Grisham, 2010, p. 117)
There was a long, heavy pause as the entire courtroom looked at Mr. Duffy. (Grisham, 2010, p. 61)
He carries a family photo of his mother, father, and four little brothers, and while he eats he looks at the photo. (Grisham, 2010, p. 111)

8. Time references… (a)
Yes, but your parents need to see this guy as soon as possible. (Grisham, 2010, p. 42)
What happens after you talk to him? (Grisham, 2010, p. 117)
There was a long, heavy pause as the entire courtroom looked at Mr. Duffy. (Grisham, 2010, p. 61)
He carries a family photo of his mother, father, and four little brothers, and while he eats he looks at the photo. (Grisham, 2010, p. 111)

9. Time references? (b)
The bank has a claim on the house until the loan is paid off. (Grisham, 2010, p. 40)
We've lived there since I was born. (Grisham, 2010, p. 40)
I sought friends whenever I could, but was rarely successful. (Paulsen, 1998, pp )
Finally, Mr. Boone said, "Theo, what would happen if the identity of this witness were somehow revealed?" (Grisham, 2010, p. 184)

10. Time references… (b)
The bank has a claim on the house until the loan is paid off. (Grisham, 2010, p. 40)
We've lived there since I was born. (Grisham, 2010, p. 40)
I sought friends whenever I could, but was rarely successful. (Paulsen, 1998, pp )
Finally, Mr. Boone said, "Theo, what would happen if the identity of this witness were somehow revealed?" (Grisham, 2010, p. 184)

11. Time references? (c)
Once she did that, I could experiment a little. (Perino, 2015, p. 176)
I have had this book ever since I started trying to write seriously. (Dahl, 2010, p. 203)
First, how stable are the individual differences among people as they move from childhood through adulthood to old age? (Deary, 2001, p. 19)
Vermont will be all right as long as it is home to people like my old friends, George and June Butler. (Kuralt, 1995, p. 230)

12. Time references? (c)
Once she did that, I could experiment a little. (Perino, 2015, p. 176)
I have had this book ever since I started trying to write seriously. (Dahl, 2010, p. 203)
First, how stable are the individual differences among people as they move from childhood through adulthood to old age? (Deary, 2001, p. 19)
Vermont will be all right as long as it is home to people like my old friends, George and June Butler. (Kuralt, 1995, p. 230)

13. Time references? (d)
I never loaded it while walking in the dark. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 26)
Clifford Nance waited until the courtroom was quiet before he walked to the jury box. (Grisham, 2010, p. 67)

14. Time references…(d)
I never loaded it while walking in the dark. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 26)
Clifford Nance waited until the courtroom was quiet before he walked to the jury box. (Grisham, 2010, p. 67)

15. What do you notice?
I was alone when I made a mistake that nearly killed me. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 3)

16. What to notice…
I was alone when I made a mistake that nearly killed me. (Paulsen, 1998, p. 3)
Clause combination: 1+2
Sentence type: complex
DEPs: ADV, ADJ

17. One more look….
When you're sitting at the table with the Butlers in one of the rooms they built themselves, looking out at the fir tree the chickadees like so much; when you're crossing the covered bridge at Woodstock or driving up Mount Equinox with its unspoiled views out across the state; when you're strolling on the common in Townshend in October, or on the Weston Green; when you're looking down on Pomfret from the Cloudland Road and noticing all the ugliness that isn't there, anywhere to be seen; and when you think about what so much of the rest of America has become, preventing the future in this one small place doesn't seem like such a bad idea. (Kuralt, 1995, p. 232)

18. References
Deary, I. (2001). Intelligence: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Grisham, J. (2010). Theodore Boone: Kid lawyer. New York: Puffin Books.
Kuralt, C. (1995). Charles Kuralt's America. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Myers, W.D. (2002). Handbook for boys. New York: HarperTrophy.
Paulsen, G. (1998). My life in dog years. New York: Delacorte Press.
Perino, D. (2015). And the good news is... New York: Twelve.