1. PR-5 Fusion Proteins Of Plants
Arabidopsis
Oryza sativa
Zea mays
PR5 kinase
PR5 inositol
monophosphatase
PR5 lecithin
acetyltransferase
PR5 HGTP anticodon
Vitis vinifera
PR5 cytochrome P450
PR5 ELO
Adv Bot Res (2009) 17:

2. Known Functions Of PR-5/Thaumatin Like Proteins
Antifungal
Beta-glucanase
PR5L/TLP
(PR-5/thaumatin Like)
Actin binding
Xylanase
inhibitor
Antifreeze
Found in protein complexes that promote antiifree activity in rye
Zeamatin has AAI /trypsin inhibitor activity. Not clear if this is related to defense against insect feeding.
Tobacco callus has cytokinin-binding protein
A potato PR-5 protein has actin-binding activity
A wheat TLP has xylanase inhibitor activity and binds non-starch polysaccharides
Best studied is antifungal
αAI/Trypsin
inhibitor
Cytokinin-binding
Protein-Protein or/and Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions Leading To………?

3. Osmotin Is An Antifungal Tobacco PR-5 Protein
C. albicans
S. cerevisiae
F. oxysporum
P. infestans
Induced by pathogen attack
Antifungal in planta
Specific broad-spectrum antifungal activity
The causative agent for wilt disease in tobacco and many other crops. Osmotin has a broad, but specific spectrum of antifungal activity.
For eg. It is also active against P infestans, the causative agent of the great Irish potato famine circa 1840
is virtually inactive against the rice blast fungus, M. .grisiae.
First purified by NK Singh 1987

4. S. cerevisiae IZH2 Encodes A GPCR-Like Protein That Increases Osmotin Sensitivity
Apoptosis is the major mechanism of toxicity
Molecular Cell (2001) 8:   CW
Osmotin PM
IZH2/PHO36
RAS2/cAMP
Plasma membrane has apoptosis signaling ‘receptor’ ┴
stress responses
ROS↑ 
Molecular Cell (2005) 17:
Apoptosis

5. IZH2 Is Homologous To Mammalian Adiponectin Receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2
Alignment: Untitled1
....|....| ....|....| ....|....| ....|....| ....|....| ....|....| ....|....|
MSSHKGSV VAQGNGAPAS NREADTVELA ELGPLLEEKG KRVIANPPKA EEEQTCPVPQ
MNEPTENRLG CSRTPEPDIR LRKGHQLDGT RRGDNDSHQG DLEPILEASV LSSHHKKSSE EHEYSDEAPQ
MSTLLERTK SVQELKKRAA GKTSANPAE-
Consensus LE
EEEEEVRVLT LPLQAHHAME KMEEFVYKVW EGRWRVIPYD VLPDWLKDND YLLHGHRPPM PSFRACFKSI
EDEG-FMGMS PLLQAHHAME KMEEFVCKVW EGRWRVIPHD VLPDWLKDND FLLHGHRPPM PSFRACFKSI
VAKAK KVLRRLYSWD EIPEWQRDND FILHGYVKET SSFIETFKSL
Consensus V K R D P W DND LHG SF FKS
FRIHTETGNI WTHLLGFVLF LFLGILTMLR PNMYFMAPLQ EKVVFGMFFL GAVLCLSFSW LFHTVYCHSE
FRIHTETGNI WTHLLGCVFF LCLGIFYMFR PNISFVAPLQ EKVVFGLFFL GAILCLSFSW LFHTVYCHSE
FYLHNESVNI YSHLIPALGF FTVLLLDKST IKVFATTTWL DHMVIDLFYS GAFACLILSS SFHCLKSHSL
Consensus F H E NI HL F V F GA CL S FH HS
KVSRTFSKLD YSGIALLIMG SFVPWLYYSF YCSPQPRLIY LSIVCVLGIS AIIVAQWDRF ATPKHRQTRA
GVSRLFSKLD YSGIALLIMG SFVPWLYYSF YCNPQPCFIY LIVICVLGIA AIIVSQWDMF ATPQYRGVRA
RIATLGNKLD YLGICILIVT SMVSILYYGY FEKFSLFCLF ALITVSFGIA CSIVSLKDKF RKREWRPYRA
Consensus KLD Y GI LI S V LYY GI IV D F R RA
GVFLGLGLSG VVPTMHFTIA EGFVKATTVG QMGWFFLMAV MYITGAGLYA ARIPERFFPG KFDIWFQSHQ
GVFLGLGLSG IIPTLHYVIS EGFLKAATIG QIGWLMLMAS LYITGAALYA ARIPERFFPG KCDIWFHSHQ
GLFVCFGLSS IIPIFSGLYC YSFSEIWTQI QLFWVLLGGV LYIIGAVLYG MRFPEKICPG KFDIWGHSHQ
Consensus G F GLS P F T Q W L YI GA LY R PE PG K DIW SHQ
....|....| ....|....| ....|....| ....|..
IFHVLVVAAA FVHFYGVSNL QEFRYGLEGG CTDDTLL
LFHIFVVAGA FVHFHGVSNL QEFRFMIGGG CSEEDAL
LFHFLVVIAA LCHLRGLLNS YELVHIKMEN GIVS---
Consensus FH VV A H G N E
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus
Human AdipoR1
Human AdipoR2
Yeast PHO36
Consensus

6. Adiponectin gC1q Domain (Green) And Osmotin (Purple) Structures Can Be Overlapped
collagen
Adiponetin
Molecular Cell (2005) 17:

7. Occurence of PR-5/Thaumatin-like Proteins
Yes No
Flowering plants (All)
Mosses (All)
Algae (All)
Amoeba (Some)
Fungi (Most)
Insects (Some)
Bacteria (Some)
Cyanobacteria (Some)
Viruses (Some)
Mammals (All)
Bony fishes (All)
Birds (All)
Species
Associated with defense against fungi. In red flour beetle, LPS induces TLP
Required for conidial germination. In A. nidulans, deletion of the 2 TLPs (that are expressed only during early germination) is lethal.
3D modeling shows the structural similarity
Present in four insect orders: Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. Not found in Drososphila.
Occurs in ascocarp producing ascomycetes such as Aspergillus, Neurospora, Magnaporthe, but not Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Candida.
Not in Basidiomycetes.
PR-5 like proteins are absent in mammals, fish and birds.
Sequence and structural similarity with plant PR-5 proteins
As families
Adv Bot Res (2009) 17:

8. Occurence of C1q ProteinsNo
Yes
Flowering plants (All)
Mosses (All)
Algae (All)
Mammals (All)
Bony fishes (All)
Birds (All)
Amoeba (Some)
Fungi (Most)
Insects (Some)
Bacteria (Some)
Cyanobacteria (Some)
Viruses (Some)
Species
Associated with defense against fungi. In red flour beetle, LPS induces TLP
Required for conidial germination. In A. nidulans, deletion of the 2 TLPs (that are expressed only during early germination) is lethal.
3D modeling shows the structural similarity
Present in four insect orders: Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. Not found in Drososphila.
Occurs in ascocarp producing ascomycetes such as Aspergillus, Neurospora, Magnaporthe, but not Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Candida.
Not in Basidiomycetes.
PR-5 like proteins are absent in mammals, fish and birds.
As families
Adv Bot Res (2009) 17:

9. Do C1q Domain Proteins and Thaumatin Domain Proteins Have Similar Functions?
Most organisms have either C1q domain proteins or thaumatin domain proteins, not both
Osmotin signals in yeast through the homolog of the receptor of a mammalian C1q domain protein called adiponectin

10. ANTI-Diabetic ANTI-Atherosclerotic ANTI-Cancer ANTI-Inflammatory
Adiponectin Is The Ligand Of AdipoR1/R2 And It Has Beneficial Effects On Human Health
collagen
collagen
gC1q
Adiponetin PM
AdipoR1/AdipoR2
gC1q
AMPK-P
ANTI-Diabetic ANTI-Atherosclerotic
In humans, low plasma levels of adiponectin are correlated with diabetes and atherosclerosis.
The gene encoding adiponectin maps in a region of the chromosome associated with mutations associated with diabetes.
Continuous administration of adiponectin to mice by iv or adenovirus infection and studies in cultured muscle, liver, pacreatic and adipose tissue cells shows that it inreases insulin sensitivity, decreases blood glucose, etc. The important thing is that effects are mediated by its interaction with AdipoR1/R2 and ensuing phosphorylation of AMPK, which we just showed osmotin can also do in C2C12 myocytes.
So Does osmotin have anti-diabetic effects?
ANTI-Cancer
ANTI-Inflammatory
Bowel Disease/Colitis
insulin sensitivity ↑ HDL-C ↑
blood glucose ↓ FFA ↓, triglycerides ↓, LDL-C ↓