1. ** Capitalist Revolution
“2nd Industrial Revolution” & “The Gilded Age”
1860s
1870
1890
1900
** Capitalist Revolution
Important things to understand about this era in U.S. History:
** Time of Individualism
Legislation developing the West: Homestead Act, Land Grant Act, Pacific Railway Act
1870’s and 1880’s - Settling the Plains
1860’s and 1870’s - “Rise of Big Business” – Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Morgan, Rockefeller, etc.
1870’s to 1890’s - American Politics / an Age of Corruption & the Political Urban Machine

2. Handout, “New Immigrants and Old”
(1) What major differences between the “Old” and “New” immigrants stand out to you?
(2) Looking at the immigration statistics, what numbers stand out to you, and looking at the total U.S. population below (say, in 1870 it’s 38.5 million people), how might this affect the United States?
1870
- 5,567,229
1880
- 6,679,943
1890
- 9,249,547
1900
,341,276
1910
,515,886
1920
- 13,920,692

3. At the turn of the century, most immigrants to the united States settled in cities because…

4. (1) Availability of large numbers of jobs
(2) Excitement of city life

5. What is an immigrant?
An immigrant is a person who once resided somewhere else and now lives in your country.

6. Why They Came? Push Factors - Farm poverty and worker uncertainty
- Wars and compulsory military service
- Political tyranny
- Religious persecution
- Population pressures
Pull Factors
- Plenty of land and work
- Higher standard of living
- Democratic political system
- Opportunity for social advancement

7. What is Nativism?
“Nativism” is a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants

8. 1890 is the “year of division”
Why Nativism?
Causes of nativist sentiment? (write these …)
Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries.
Before the Civil War (write this …)
1890 is the “year of division”
New – Southeastern Europeans, mainly from Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, as well as Canada and China, but also record numbers of Irish & Germans
By 1900 …
By 1920 …

10. 1890 is the “year of division”
Why Nativism?
Causes of nativist sentiment? (write these …)
Old – Northern Europeans: Ireland, Germany, England, and Scandinavian countries.
Before the Civil War (write this …)
1890 is the “year of division”
New – Southeastern Europeans, mainly from Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, as well as Canada and China, but also record numbers of Irish & Germans
By 1900 …
By 1920 …

11. Cultural Differences between “Old” versus “New” immigrants …
“Old” Immigrants were WASPs – White, Anglo-Saxon protestants
- Newcomers needed to be “Americanized”
- Immigration a “problem to be solved”
“New” Immigrants were largely Catholic and Jewish
- Resisted complete “Americanization”

12. Efforts to retain the Culture:
“New” Immigrants
Largely urban dwellers - By 1900, percentage of foreign born …
Efforts to retain the Culture:
(1) “Saloon culture” versus the “Sunday Blue Laws” / Puritan culture …
(2) Practiced “Chain migration” …
(3) Parochial Schools …
(4) Settled in “Ethnic Enclaves” …

13. Age of Electricity Assembly Lines Factory Lighting
Electric street cars
Soon, other advances because of electricity

14. Age of Steel Bessemer Process … Railroads Farm Equipment Skyscrapers
Suspension Bridges

15. Tenement houses

16. Dangerous living conditions – pg. 345-346

17. Dangerous living conditions – “Great Chicago Fire” (1871)

18. Child Labor – pg. 328,

19. Dangerous working conditions – pg. 327-328

20. Attractions of City Life – pg. 350-352
Ashley

21. Mass Transit & Technology Improving City Life – pg. 343-344
1 Jan The Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, linking Manhattan to Brooklyn
1 Jan 1887 – First electric street car, Richmond, VA.
1890 – 1 in 3 American live in cities