1. Submitted by:- DR.Madhurima Sharma PGGCG-II,Chandigarh
LYSOSOMES
Submitted by:-
DR.Madhurima Sharma
PGGCG-II,Chandigarh

2. LYSOSOMES:SUICIDE BAGS
Spherical in form
Tiny sacs bound by unit membranes

3. Tiny sacs bound by unit membrane.
Contain hydrolytic enzymes.
Nearly 50 hydrolytic enzymes identified.Enzymes also called ACID HYDROLASES as they require acid for their action.Enzymes inactive at neutral pH.
Contents acidic with pH 5.This pH is maintained by ATP dependent proton transport pump.

4. COMMON HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
Proteases
Nucleases (deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease).
Glycosidases.
Lipases.
Sulphatases.
Phosphatases.
All enzymes are not found in one lysosome.
Lysosomal membrane prevents enzymes from escaping into cytoplasm and destroying it.In weak cells lysosomal membrane breaks down to lyse such a cell.

5. POLYMORPHISM Primary lysosomes Secondary lysosomes Residual bodies
Autophagic vacuoles

6. ORIGIN From GOLGI COMPLEX Or SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OR BOTH
Originate as membranous vesicles containing enzymes received from ER and stored in GOLGI.

7. FUNCTIONS Digestion of useful materials Digestion of harmful materials
Digestion of unwanted materials
Renewal of cells and organelles
Feeding of starving animals
Autolysis
Aids in fertilization
Helps in contraception
Initiation of mitosis
Processing

8. MALFUNCTION Blood cancer Sunburn Genetic disorders
Degenerative changes in bones and joints associated with arthritis