1. An – Najah National University
A Hydraulic Analysis of
Askar camp Water Distribution Network
Prepared By: Mahdi Munther Ali
Under the Supervision : Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri
2010

2. شكر خاص جداً
شكرا لدكتوري الجلـيـل الطيب الخـلق النبــيل شكرا لأكـــرم عالــم و ممجد حـر أصيـــل من فضله قد كان فوقـي مـثلما ظـلي الظلـــيل

3. 1 Introduction

4. 1.1 Water distribution networks (WDN):
People who live in different locations, whom their homes are not located in the same area and there is considerable distance between them they need to have water distribution networks (WDNs).
WDNs connect consumers to sources of water by using hydraulic components, such as pipes, valves, reservoirs and pumps.
WDNs must transmit and distribute clean and safe water for human activities.

5. 1.1 Water distribution networks (WDN):
 The WDNs should be capable of:
Meeting the demands
Satisfactory pressure head
The WDNs may be classified as:
Grid(looped) systems
Branching systems
Combination of the two

6. 2 Objectives

7. 2.1 The Objective of the Project:
The main objective of this project is to: 
To study and analyze the water consumption and to estimate the losses from the existing water distribution network of Askar Refugee Camps. .
To hydraulically analyze the WDN of Askar Refugee Camps using the EPANET software.
To recommend a new design of WDN of Askar refugee camps if needed.

8. 3 Study Area

9. 3.1 Study Area
Askar refugee camp is inside the municipal boundaries of Nablus in the north east of the city away from the city center 5 km.

10. Rainfall Data for Nablus
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
5.6
5.8
4.1
0.8
0.3
0.0
0.1
3.0
5.5
26.0
Inches
141.1
146.9
104.0
20.2
7.8
1.8
20.7
77.1
140.5
660.1 mm

11. Askar Camp population according PCBS.
Building
Housing Units
Households
Population
Male
Female
Total
1997
1012
1612
1528
4801
4695
9496
2007
1096
2327
2114
5,808
5,799
11,607

12. Demographic profile:

13. 4 Methodology

14. 4.1 Methodology: Collecting information and reliable data
Visiting the field
Convert the drawing sheet of AutoCAD network to EPANET input network.
Data needed for EPANET network is elevation, and Diameter for each pipe.
Two types of analysis were considered in this project, present steady state and future steady state

15. 5
Analysis Approach

16. 6.1 Overview of System:
Askar receives its water from Ain Dafna pumping station, where there is Ein Dafna reservoir filled with water from Ein Dafna spring and mainly from Audala well Which lies about 8 km southeast of Nablus, near the town of Hiwwara and its productivity is about 4500 m3 /day, and 510 m above sea level

22. Building Total area(m²) Total Water cons(liters)
6.3 Area Partition :
Area ID
#Of Nods
Nodes
Building Total area(m²)
population
Total Water cons(liters)
Water cons/node
(m3/d) 1 8
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
4329.2
375
25,097
3.14 2 12
11,12,13,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,160
3612.2
313
20,941
1.75 3 5
12,13,14,15,16
1534.2
133
8,894
1.78 4 10
9,10,11,12,16,17,18,23,24,25
3376.7
292
19,575
1.96

23. 6.4 Data Input:
The consumption were obtained from Nablus Municipality by analyzing one hundred water bills for the camp it was found the average per capita water consumption is 67 L/C-d.
Supply obtained from Nablus Municipality indicate that the average per capita water demand is 92 L/C-d .
EPANET data needs for this value but with units of CMH; thus the software demand input as cubic meter per hour.

24. 6.4 Data Input:
h­Lf = 162.5*( )1.852*D-4.87*L The pipes used in WDN is steel with (H-WC)=100 Growth rate (r) = 1.87% Density of the population = Population/Total building area= person/square meter. Losses= 1- (consumption/supply)=27 %
Pipe Diameter (mm)
Length (m) 75
2189 90
3178
110
1133
152.4
1342
203.4
1958
Total
9800 m

25. 7
Results

29. Present Characteristic Curve and Future Characteristic Curve.

30. Changed pipe
Present pipe diameter
Future pipe diameter
The main pipeline which transmits water to the old Askar camp.
8-inches
12-inches
The main pipeline between the old Askar camp and the new Askar camp.
6-inches

31. Present pipe diameter

32. Future

33. 7.1 The Velocity in Pipes(present and future:

34. 7.2 The Pressure Head for Nodes present & future:

35. 8
Conclusions

36. 8.1 For Existing Conditions.
The network was capable to command the present demands.
8.2 For Future Design.
Due to the increasing in population and water demands , the present network will not capable the command the anticipated future demand
some pipes with small diameters must be replaced with larger diameters in the existing pipe network to make it capable to meet the future requirements placed on it until 2035 at satisfactory pressure and velocities .

37. There was a problem of nodes having negative pressure ( junction s1 which at present has the maximum pressure for future it will has a negative pressure ).The velocities will be very high in the main pipe between the pumping station and the old Askar camp and the same case in the pipe between old and new Askar camp.

38. 9
Recommendations

39. 9.1 Recommendations: the pipes listed on table 5.2 should be replaced.
Increase pump head to increase the pressure of water.
In order to prevent high pressure at the beginning of the network , use pressure reducing valves .