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27 years of responding to AIDS
First cases of unusual immune deficiency identified Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 US$10 billion for AIDS in developing countries Millions HIV identified as cause of AIDS The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS WHO launches the Global Programme on AIDS Four Frees and One Care Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment First HIV antibody test becomes available First regimen to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV 3 million on ART in developing world President Bush announces PEPFAR UNAIDS created 1980 ‘81 ‘82 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ’06 2007 People living with HIV
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2008: new phase in the epidemic and the response
Large-scale progress Recognition that AIDS is a major long-wave event
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Estimated number people newly infected with HIV globally, 1990–2007
6 Millions 5 4 3 2 1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year This bar indicates the range around the estimate
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New HIV infections among children 1990–2007
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year This bar indicates the range around the estimate
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Declining mortality 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Year Millions
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year This bar indicates the range around the estimate Estimated number of child and adult deaths due to AIDS globally, (2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic)
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Number of people on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries, 2002‒2007
3.5 Millions 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Several countries (e.g. Botswana, Brazil, most Latin American countries) have reached universal access and raised coverage to over 80%. And a growing number of countries are increasing access to drugs to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV. In e.g. Botswana, transmission is down to approximately 5 per cent. 0.0 end- mid end- mid end- mid end- mid end- mid end- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
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AIDS IS NOT OVER
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HIV infections among men having sex with men in Asia
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Long-term progress requires
Political action Funding Programme delivery Science
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27 years of responding to AIDS
First cases of unusual immune deficiency identified Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 US$10 billion for AIDS in developing countries Millions HIV identified as cause of AIDS The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS WHO launches the Global Programme on AIDS Four Frees and One Care Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment First HIV antibody test becomes available First regimen to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV 3 million on ART in developing world President Bush announces PEPFAR UNAIDS created 1980 ‘81 ‘82 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ’06 2007 People living with HIV
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Political action
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Funding Total annual resources available for AIDS, 1986 ‒2007
US$ million 10 billion 10 000 8.9 billion 9000 Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, UNGASS 8000 8.3 billion 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 PEPFAR Less than US$ 1 million 2000 1000 1623 292 Global Fund 212 257 59 1986 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 2007 Notes: [1] figures are for international funds only [2] Domestic funds are included from 2001 onwards [i] data: Extracted from 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS, 2006) [ii] data: AIDS in the World II. Edited by Jonathan Mann and Daniel J. M. Tarantola (1996)
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Programme delivery Coverage Quality Cost-effectiveness
Community mobilization Learning
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Cost Effectiveness
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Community Mobilization
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Science Epidemiology Social and behavioural sciences Biomedical
Management science
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Know your epidemic
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Social and behavioural science
Transmission Vulnerability Programme effectiveness
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Biomedical research Better drugs Vaccine Microbicide
Pre-exposure prophylaxis Antiretroviral treatment for prevention?
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Management science Programme delivery Marketing Evaluation
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Elimination of stigma
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