1. Introduction to Biology I
Prepared by: Ms. Carolyn R. Magat
M.S. Biology (AR)

2. Objectives
Name the scientist who first observed living and nonliving cells
Summarize the research that led to the development of the cell theory
State the three principles of the cell theory

3. What is Science?
Science is the study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation
It is a body of systematized study of the nature based on facts.
Facts anything that truly exists or happens, a true piece of information.

5. Structure of living things
ANATOMY
BACTERIOLOGY
Structure of living things
Bacteria

6. BIOCHEMISTRY
BOTANY
Chemical processes in living organisms
Plant life

7. CYTOLOGY Cells function, structure, and chemistry
DERMATOLOGY
Skins

8. ECOLOGY
Interrelationships between organisms and their environment
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemics, Widespread diseases

9. ENTOMOLOGY
Insects
ETHOLOGY Animal behavior

10. Reptiles and amphibians
GENETICS
The process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring
(Genes and heredity)
HERPETOLOGY
Reptiles and amphibians
Reptiles Amphibians
Crocodiles Frogs
Alligators Toads
Turtles Salamander
Lizards Anurans

11. ICHTHYOLOGY
Fish
MARINE BIOLOGY/ OCEANOGRAPHY
Sea creatures and the underwater environment

12. MAMMALOGY
Mammals
(Warm blooded, Have hair, Make milk)
MICROBIOLOGY
Microscopic organisms

13. NUTRITION Diet and health
MYCOLOGY
Fungi
NUTRITION Diet and health

14. ORNITHOLOGY
Birds
PALEONTOLOGY
Prehistoric life

15. PATHOLOGY
Diseases caused by organisms
(bacteria, fungi, protist, viruses)
Pathos- sickness
PHYSIOLOGY
How organisms function and carry out physical/ chemical processes

16. TAXONOMY
The groupings of living things
VIROLOGY
Viruses and virus-like agents (prions)
No consensus on whether they are living

17. ZOOLOGY
The animal kingdom

18. The Cell Theory: A Timeline

19. Late 1500’s Hans and Zacharias Janssen
Dutch lens grinders, father and son
produced first compound microscope (2 lenses)

20. Robert Hooke ( 1665)
Used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork
Looked empty, like monk’s chamber
Called tiny chambers “cells”

21. Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1673)
Looked at pond water organisms
First to see living microscopic organisms.
Made careful sketches.

22. Matthias Schleiden -- 1838 German Botanist (studied plants)
Viewed plant parts under a microscope
Discovered that plant parts are made of cells
He concluded:
“All plants are made of cells.”

23. Theodore Schwann -- 1839 “All animals are made of cells.”
German scientist who studied animals - zoologist
Saw that all animals he studied were cellular so concluded:
“All animals are made of cells.”

24. Rudolf Virchow - 1855 German physician who studied cell reproduction
“Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.”