1. First Five
The chart shows the ages at which the changes associated with puberty take place in boys and girls.
What is the most common age at which boys undergo the changes of puberty?
If a girl had not started menstruation by the age of 15, would this be cause for concern?
Which two features of puberty show the greatest range in the times at which they occur.
Is it unusual for a girl of 9 years to start her menstrual periods?
On average, is it boys or girls who first show the onset of puberty?

2. Human Reproduction
IGCSE Biology

3. What is reproduction? It is divided into two main types:
Reproduction is the production of new members of a species, replacing those who die due to old age, disease, competition etc.
It is divided into two main types:
Sexual reproduction involves two parents who have sex organs which produce sex cells.
P40
Video Reproduction
1. Introduction (write short note on sex repro, gametes)
DRAW labelled sperm and egg cells
Key parts for sperm- head with nucleus containing important genetic information
Tail to allow sperm to swim towards egg
Egg-nucleus containing important genetic information
Cytoplasm containing a large food store
Asexual reproduction involves one parent and no sex cells

4. Sexual Reproduction in Humans: Three Stages
production of gametes
eggs in females
sperm in males
gametes are haploid: have a single set of chromosomes (DNA)
fertilization
joining of gametes
fusing of the nuclei of the gametes
zygote
the new, fused cell
diploid: has pairs of chromosomes (DNA)

5. Sex cells Sex cells are called gametes The male gametes are sperm
Most animals reproduce sexually so they need:
Sex cells
Sex cells are called gametes
The male gametes are sperm
The female gametes are eggs
(or ova)
The sperm and egg have to meet and a sperm nucleus must fuse (join) with the egg nucleus.
This process is called fertilization.
A fertilized egg is known as a zygote

6. Sperm Egg (ovum) Tail which allows it to move Nucleus containing DNA
Head- mainly a nucleus containing genetic material (DNA)
Tail which allows it to move
Nucleus containing DNA
Egg (ovum)
Cytoplasm with food store, cannot move

7. ANATOMY: Test What You Know
In your current seating arrangement groups, match the scientific vocab to the correct arrow.
You will have 2 minutes to make you predictions

8. Human Reproductive System Male
Name
Function
sperm duct
sperm and semen travel along it
urethra
sperm & urine released through it
testes
produces sperm & testosterone (male sex hormone)
scrotum
Sac containing testes – outside the body; Maintains optimum temperature
penis
for placing sperm into female

9. Add it on: prostate gland
production and secretion of nutrient-rich fluid, fluid joins with sperm to form semen

10. Human Reproductive System
Female
Name
Function
oviduct (fallopian tube)
eggs released into it, site of fertilization
ovary
produces eggs & estrogen (female sex hormone)
uterus
where fertilized egg implants
cervix
opening between uterus and vagina
vagina
sperm deposited here
P41
Cut outs C3, C4 Human reproductive system
Use this OHP as check on what they’ve filled in

11. http://www. curriculumbits

12. Review Questions
What is the name for the narrow opening between the uterus and the vagina?
Where is the prostate gland, and what is its function?
Explain how ovulation happens.
Where are sperm made?
How does an egg travel along the oviduct?
Where does fertilization take place?

13. Quick Class Practice

14. ?1 ?5 ?2 ?4 ?3

16. ?1
seminal
vesicle ?7 ?6 ?2
erectile
tissue ?3 ?5 ?4

18. Steps of Fertilization

19. From Fertilization to Zygote to Implantation

20. What is fertilization?
When the sperm and the egg FUSE together.

21. Pathway for Fertilization

22. Fertilization

23. Path of Zygote

24. Cleavage of Human Embryo

25. From Fertilization to Implantation
After fertilization, the embryo travels through the oviduct, into the uterus.
The embryo will implant in the wall of the uterus.

26. Implantation

27. Implantation and After
Two key events after implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall are:
Differentiation of cells
Development of the placenta and amnion

28. Cellular Differentiation
The changing of unspecialized embryonic cells into the specialized cells, tissues and organs of a multicellular animal

29. Cellular Differentiation

30. Number the Stages in the Table
What happens?
The ZYGOTE reproduces to make a ball of cells called an EMBRYO.
The EMBRYO develops into a fetus (an unborn baby).
The egg is release from the ovary into the fallopian tube
The sperm and egg join together. This is called fertilisation and it makes a ZYGOTE.
The EMBRYO travels into the uterus and implants in the lining.

31. Check your answers to the table

32. Sperm and egg What do each of these have
Sperm and egg What do each of these have? A nucleus which contains the chromosomes (DNA)
The nucleus contains the chromosomes which carry your DNA.

33. What is fertilization? ½ Chromosomes EGG CELL ½ Chromosomes SPERM CELL
Full set Chromosomes
ZYGOTE

34. What happens to the zygote?
After fertilization the zygote continues to move down the fallopian tube/oviduct to the uterus

35. What is fertilization?
The fertilised egg (Zygote) Then divides and copies itself several times. It then becomes a ball of cells called an embryo.

36. Passing on instructions
Use the keywords to identify the key stages on the worksheet.

37. After Fertilization:
Lining of womb/uterus thickens ready to receive the embryo

38. After Fertilization: Implantation
Embryo attaches itself to the uterus wall. This is called IMPLANTATION.