1. The Oasis Empowerment Center
Human Trafficking 101
The Oasis Empowerment Center

2. An Introduction
My Background

3. What is Human Trafficking?
U.N. Global Initiative to Fight HT estimated that annual profits from trafficking, forced labor around $31.6 billion. To put that in perspective that more than nike, google, and starbucks combined
It is the 2nd largest criminal industry in the world
What is Human Trafficking?
President Barack Obama

4. History of the Definition
International: The Palermo Protocol
National: The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA)
State Laws: All 50 U.S. states and minor outlying islands have their own laws.
Trickle down effect… Guam is a little bit behind.
Still working on data collection, very few places for survivors, hardly any prosecutions, regulation

5. Trafficking Victims Protection Act
Labor Trafficking: The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
Sex Trafficking: The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision or obtaining of a person for a commercial sex act, in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age.

6. The A-M-P Model Action Recruits Harbors Transports Provides Obtains
Or so attempts
Means
Force
Fraud
Coercion
Purpose
Commercial sex acts
Labor
Services

7. Sex Trafficking of Minors
FORCE, FRAUD, AND COERCION are not required for minors induced into commercial sex acts.
Action
Recruits
Harbors
Transports
Provides
Obtains
Or so attempts
Purpose
Commercial Sex Acts

8. ACTION ANY OF THESE ACTIONS RECRUIT HARBOR TRANSPORT PROVIDE OBTAIN
OR SO ATTEMPT

9. MEANS Force Fraud Coercion Physical assault Sexual assault, rape
Physical confinement or isolation
Force
Fraudulent employment offers
False promises about work and living conditions
Withholding wages
Fraud
Threats to life, safety, family members or others
Threats of deportation or arrest
Debt bondage
Withholding legal documents
Psychological manipulation
Coercion

10. Purpose
Commercial Sex Acts
Labor or
Services OR

11. QUIZ TIME!
Q: Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits slavery?
Q: What was the average price of a slave in the United States in 1860, in today’s money?
$100, $1,000, $10,000, or $100,000
Q: What is the average price of a slave in the world today?
Q: How many people are believed to be enslaved?

12. Q: How many times is that the number of slaves in the world compared to when the American Civil War started in 1860?
2xs, 3xs, or 4xs
Q: About what percentage of recruiters for human trafficking are men?
25 percent, 55 percent, or 80 percent
Q: In Guam & other U.S. states, are adult and child sex trafficking survivors/ victims liable to criminal charges as prostitutes?
Q: Who is the musical artist whose video “Bad Romance” portrays him or her trafficked by a Russian bathhouse into sex slavery?

13. Scope of Human Trafficking
Worldwide, nearly 27 million people are victims of forced labor [human trafficking]
(ILO, 2012)

14. Temporary Visa Holders/ Undocumented Foreign Nationasl
WHO IS VULNERABLE?
Victims of Past
Violence/ Abuse
Financially
Vulnerable
Runaway and
Homeless Youth
Temporary Visa Holders/ Undocumented Foreign Nationasl

15. WHO ARE THE TRAFFICKERS?
Traffickers are people who exploit others for profit.
Any demographic
Individuals and Groups
Street Gangs and Organized Crime
Businesses or Contractors

16. Economics 101 The Supply/Demand Model
Where there is a demand, there will be a supply
Customers fuel the commercial sex industry
Businesses and individuals create the demand for labor trafficking
Customer
Trafficker
Victim

17. Corporations/ Government
WHO DEMANDS?
Corporations/ Government
Small Businesses
Households
Individuals
Low-cost labor & raw materials
Low-cost labor
Domestic workers
Commercial Sex
Goods & Services

18. How To Reduce Demand: Examine your slavery footprint
Buy Fair Trade/ Survivor Made
Hold your favorite brands accountable
Choose not to purchase sex
Encourage healthy relationships and respect for women and girls

19. Where does Sex Trafficking Occur?
Street Prostitution
Commercial Front & Residential Brothels
Pornography & Stripping
Escort Services
Internet/Web-cam
Websites like craigslist or backpage
The average in the US for a person to enter into prostitution: years old

20. Prostitution Supply /Demand Model
WHO BUYS SEX?
Prostitution Supply /Demand Model
Victim
John
Pimp
1 out of every 5 to 6 men in the United States admit to having purchased commercial sex.
A study conducted by UIC states that heavier penalties or public shaming would deter Johns.
Guam has zero laws against Johns.

21. Labor Trafficking Agriculture Construction Fisheries Domestic Work
Peddling/ Begging
Traveling Sales Crews
Drug Trafficking

22. Labor Trafficking vs. Exploitation

23. Victim Identification: Isolation, Debt, Fear, Guarded/Monitored, Language Barriers, Confinement, Threats to Loved Ones, Shame/ Self blame, No ID/documents, misinformed, hopelessness, debt bondage
Pimp/ Boyfriend dynamic:

24. INDICATORS Signs of physical and/or sexual abuse
Not free to leave/come and go as he/she wishes
Owes a large debt, unable to pay it off
Recruited through false promises
Questions to ask:
Can you leave your job or situation if you want?
Can you come and go as you please?
Have you been threatened for trying to leave?
Have you been physically harmed in anyway?
What are your working/ living conditions like?
Where do you sleep/eat?
What do you have to do for a roof over your head?
Do you sleep in a bed, on a cot, on the floor?
Have you been deprived of food, water, sleep, or medical care?
Do you have to ask permission to eat, sleep, or go to the bathroom?
Are there locks on your doors windows so you can’t get out?
Has anyone ever threatened your family?
Has your id been taken from you?
Is anyone forcing you to do anything you don’t want to do?

25. Indicators for Minors
Numerous school Absences
Fake ID/ Lying about age
Hotel Room Keys
Dating older, abusive, or controlling men
Having large amounts of cash, jewelry, new clothes
Recurrent stds, pregnancy tests
Signs of physical abuse
Dissociation
Runaways/ LGBTQ
Some barriers to ID:
typcially watched, escorted, guarded by trafficker
May be coached
Unaware of what is happening to them (Do not consider themselves victims)
Loyalty to trafficker as a coping mechanism
Dependency
No other options
Family Shame

26. What can you do??? Continue the Dialogue! Educate yourself
Look beneath the surface and beyond stereotypes
Boycott harmful sites
Eliminate Pornography
Join a coalition, volunteer, start an organization
Don’t glorify pimps
Buy fair trade
Sponsor public awareness campaigns
Screen for potential victims & report concerns
Donate $ or Time
Awareness Diplays
Contact State and Local Representatives
Consider helping me to change the laws
Attend conferences/ anti- trafficking events

27. Human Trafficking encompasses every field, background, & major.
Career Opportunities
United Nations
Us Embassy
Coalitions
Social & Health
Non-Profit
Academics
FBI
Lawyer
Government Entities
CDC, DOL, DOJ, HHS, Customs, TSA
Law Enforcement
Safe Houses
Organizations
Translators
Victim Advocates
Children’s Home
Counseling
Job Training
Non-Profit/ NGO
Faith-based
Educators
Law Makers
Business
Agriculture
Prevention
Protection
Partnership
Prosecution
Human Trafficking encompasses every field, background, & major.

29. Other Resources NHTRC: National Human Trafficking Resource Center
The Oasis Empowerment Center
Guam Coalition Against Sexual Assault & Family Violence
The Red Thread Movement
Polaris Project
International Justice Mission
Free The Slaves
Not for Sale Campaign
The Better World Shopping Guide
Half the Sky
United Nation’s Have a Heart Campaign