1. CD202 Interface, Representation & Sequence Analysing visual sequence
Course created by Sarah Phillips BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 – February

2. Video The Art of Animation & Motion Graphics

3. 12 principles of animation

4. 12 Principles of animation
The Twelve Basic Principles of Animation is a set of principles of animation introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation

5. 12 Principles of animation
1. Squash & Stretch
Gives a sense of weight and flexibility to drawn objects.
An object's volume does not change when squashed or stretched. If the length of a ball is stretched vertically, its width (in three dimensions, also its depth) needs to contract correspondingly horizontally.

6. http://www. angryanimator

7. 12 Principles of animation
2. Anticipation
Anticipation is used to prepare the audience for an action and to make the action appear more realistic.
Eg – before hitting a golf ball, the golfer will swing back
Can be subtle and be as simple as a character looking off-screen to anticipate the arrival of another character or object.

8. The Animator’s Survival Kit – Richard Williams

9. 12 Principles of animation
3. Staging
It’s purpose is to direct the audience's attention, and make it clear what is of greatest importance in a scene.
Done by the placement of a character in the frame, the use of light and shadow, and the angle and position of the camera etc.
Keep focus on what is relevant and avoid unnecessary detail

10. Disney’s Bolt

11. Preston Blair - Cartoon Animation

12. 12 Principles of animation
4. Straight ahead & Pose to pose
Straight ahead animation starts at the first drawing and in drawn in order until the end of the scene. Can lose size, volume & proportions but the resulting animation is lively and fresh. Better used for fast action animation
Pose by pose animation is done with key drawings at intervals, which are then ‘in-betweened’ later.

13. Straight ahead animation demo
Pose to pose

14. 12 Principles of animation
5. Follow through and overlap
Objects will follow the laws of physics – things don’t all move at the same time.
Eg – a character turns her head and her hair will follow through and settle

15. The Animator’s Survival Kit – Richard Williams

16. 12 Principles of animation
6. Easing
Give time to accelerate or decelerate. A character does not move at a fixed pace from the word go.
As action starts, we have more drawings near the starting pose, one or two in the middle, and more drawings near the next pose.

17. 12 Principles of animation
7. Arcs
Natural actions generally follow an arc, or a slightly circular pattern

18. The Animator’s Survival Kit – Richard Williams

19. 12 Principles of animation
8. Secondary action
Adding secondary actions to the main action gives a scene more life, and can help to support the main action. A person walking can simultaneously swing his arms or keep them in his pockets, he can speak or whistle, or he can express emotions through facial expressions.

20. The Animator’s Survival Kit – Richard Williams

21. 12 Principles of animation
9. Timing
The more drawings between poses, the slower and smoother the action.
Fewer drawings make the action faster and crisper.
Animation is either done on ‘ones’ (one drawing photographed on each frame of film) or ‘twos’ (one drawing photographed on two frames of film)

22. Video: What’s ‘Animating on 1s, 2s and 3s’ mean?

23. 12 Principles of animation
10. Exaggeration
The classical definition of exaggeration, employed by Disney, was to remain true to reality, just presenting it in a wilder, more extreme form.
The more exaggerated your animation, the less realistic and more ‘cartoony’ it looks. This is not always a good thing. You still generally want your characters to have a basis in reality.

24. Adventure Time – Spider Bite
Adventure Time – Finn’s Hair

25. 12 Principles of animation
11. Solid drawing
Take into account three-dimensional shapes, anatomy, weight, balance, light and shadow
Avoid creating "twins": characters whose left and right sides mirrored each other, and looked lifeless

26. 12 Principles of animation
12. Appeal
A live performer has charisma. An animated character has appeal. Appealing animation does not mean just being cute and cuddly. All characters have to have appeal whether they are heroic, villainous, comic or cute.

27. 12 Principles of animation
Examples of animation principles in UP

28. Flash & Audio

29. Flash & Audio How to add sound to Flash buttons

30. Where to find free SFX http://www.freesfx.co.uk/

31. Flash interactive - Visibility
See exercise files

32. Supplementary links Principles of physical animation