1. Pride and prejudice A02 revision

2. Adverbial intensifiers ‘extremely, exceedingly’ ‘ so’
Austen uses these to show characters who are self-indulgent, lacking control, excessively emotional. Lydia and Mrs Bennet use them often e.g Mrs B says Bingley is ‘so excessively handsome” on Bingley (3)
Regency era practised moderation and restraint so characters who use these often are criticised by Austen
Even Lizzy uses hyperbole – when her judgement is wrong:
“He was the proudest , most disagreeable man in the world” (superlative adjectives)

3. Question marks, exclamations, dashes
Vivacious speech (overly animated and excitable) is suspect as it suggests a lack of seriousness - e.g Lydia and Mrs Bennet “Lord!” “you can’t think”
“La!” vulgarity/ Regency swear word used by Kitty and Lydia revealing an improper and impolite manner
However, Darcy also uses a lot of dashes in ch.35’s letter - his distressed state and difficulty collecting his thoughts. This signals that his character will become more open and less reserved in Volume 3

4. Triple syntactical structure
Socially superior characters speak in triples to convey their opinions with authority Narrator “ she was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper” Elizabeth “ such malicious revenge, such injustice, such inhumanity” (about Darcy) Lady Catherine threatens that Lizzy will be ‘censured, slighted and despised’ for being a young woman without family, connections or fortune’

5. Concrete and domestic nouns
Undignified, uneducated, indiscreet characters talk openly of wealth and material possessions
“ £800 chimney-piece’ (Mr Collins’ spiritual poverty and fetish for finery)
‘ten thousand a year’ ‘jewels’ ‘dresses’ ‘lace’ ‘carriages’ (Mrs Bennet’s fixation on finding a wealthy suitor and then how to celebrate it at the wedding).
Lydia obsesses about bonnets and wedding clothes rather than her principles and behaviour.
Polite discussion centred more around abstract nouns such as “ courage” “ folly” “reason” “manners”

6. Idiolects
Mr Collins uses double negatives, convoluted sentences which suggests his pompous nature (self-important and excessively grand)

7. Imagery to present love
Religious
Bingley can’t imagine ‘an angel more beautiful’ that Jane Bennet . She fulfils the ‘angel of the house’ idealised woman
Eye motif
Lizzy’s ‘fine eyes’ the eye motif is used to reveal Darcy’s increasing admiration and attraction towards her ‘beautiful expression of her dark eyes’(6). He says that Jane ‘smiles too much’ so his admiration for Lizzy’s eyes suggests he is drawn to her spirited nature not her looks

8. ,
Card games - symbolism
At Netherfield, Austen shows how Lizzy cannot afford to play cards – Austen uses it to present social inequality. “On entering the drawing room she found the whole party at loo; and was immediately invited to join them but suspecting them to playing high she declined it” Chapter 8 Lydia is ‘extremely fond of lottery tickets’ – her excessive risk taking nature Darcy and Lizzy are both disinterested in card games – gauge of intelligence?

9. Setting - symbolism
Rosings – reinforces Lady Catherine’s sense of superiority and pretensions of rank
Surrounded by ‘palings’ and on ‘rising ground’
Hunsford – symbolises the practicality of marrying Mr Collins
“Small, but well-built and convenient”
Pemberley – ch.43 at start of Vol.2 in this tripartite romance, signals growing attraction
without any artificial appearance = Darcy is honest she appreciates by this stage
“large and handsome” (men are objectified too)
“on rising ground” – landed gentry / artistocracy
“She felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!”

10. Animal imagery to convey social snobbery
When Elizabeth walks to Netherfield she is ‘scampering’ about the countryside and ‘almost wild’

11. Fire symbolism to show marriage as engineered and love as fickle
“Mr. Collins had only to change from Jane to Elizabeth -- and it was soon done -- done while Mrs. Bennet was stirring the fire” (15)

12. Tri-partite structure
Vol.1 conflict between Darcy and Elizabeth -
Vol.2 confrontation and understanding between Darcy and Elizabeth
Vol. 3 love between Darcy and Elizabeth

13. Genre As a satire, Austen mocks the pretentions of the landed gentry
As a romance, Austen shows that characters who are willing to learn about themselves are rewarded with a loving marriage
As a social realist novel Austen writes about the real lives of the middle and upper classes in Regency England and particularly courtship, marriage and social etiquette. Conduct literature was popular at the time and Austen’s novel both challenges and reinforces rules of behaviour .
As a coming-of-age novel Austen presents the growing maturity and self-knowledge of her protagonists

14. Unreliable narration and Austen’s voice
The novel is narrated by an intrusive, third person narrator who shapes our response by embedding opinionated comments about the characters e.g “She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.” ( Mrs Bennet)
The narrator privileges Lizzy’s point of view and makes her our focaliser “Elizabeth allowed that he had given a very rational account of it,” (about Wickham)
The narrator is not omniscient and so we learn at the same time as Lizzy that she has misjudged Darcy – chapter 34 is for our benefit as well as Lizzy’s.
Austen’s voice is apparent in the narrator’s commentary

15. Characterisation
Austen uses contrast to present dynamic characters who learn about themselves such as Darcy and Lizzy with static characters who do not such as Mr Collins, Lady Catherine, Lydia and Mrs Bennet. (they are caricatures)
The novel is trying to educate its readership by pointing out the follies of each:
Mr Collins – hypocrisy as he is without Christian forgiveness or kindness; he worships the material not the spiritual
Lady Cathering – social snobbery
Mrs Bennet – impropriety and lack of intelligence
Lydia – impropriety and indiscretion

16. Characterisation - foil
Romantic Lizzy versus pragmatic Charlotte – used to explore theme of marriage
Generous and sociable Bingley versus harsh and antisocial Darcy – used to set up the prejudice that creates the conflict in Vol.1
Generous and kind Jane versus judgemental and harsh Lizzy – used to both commend and warn against Lizzy’s quickness of mind

17. Situational irony
Lizzy says in Vol.2 that she realised early on that ‘you were the last man in the world upon whom I could ever be prevailed upon to marry’ this is because he approached it with such arrogance ‘had no doubt of a favourable answer’
But in Vol. 3 Lizzy accepts because he proposes with such warmth as a man ‘violently in love’ with “ I thought only of you”
This is made possible because of chapter 34-36

18. Free indirect speech – 3rd person narrator slips into someone’s consciousness
Free indirect speech is used to show Lizzy’s psychological process – we hear her internal thoughts as if in first person such as when Lizzy learns about Lydia’s elopement: “The mischief of neglect and mistaken indulgence towards such a girl! – oh! how acutely did she now feel it.” Or in Ch.36 “How differently did everything now appear in which he was concerned!” it makes is more psychologically realistic and moving for the reader. She is clearly in emotional turmoil. Also, the first sentence in the novel is in the voice of Mrs Bennet – we are initially presented with her inaccurate opinion about rich men wanting women… Austen satirises the Regency marriage market.

19. Denouement
At the end of Vol.3 Austen resolves the novel with a double marriage – a fairy tale element that satisfies the romance genre
Love must triumph over pride and prejudice
Critic “Lizzy’s is a victory against the pretensions of rank”