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Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
I. India
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India Topography River systems Many peoples, customs, languages
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Early Civilization Leading cities: Trade
Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Trade Indus civilization ended suddenly
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Early Civilization Aryans Sanskrit Vedas
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Key Features of Indian Society
Joint family Village life Castes Very rigid Four broad classes Untouchables
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Religion Hinduism Unifying influence No formal system of doctrine
Basic tenets found in Vedas and Upanishads Brahman Wheel of life
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Religion Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths
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Four Noble Truths Suffering is part of all existence.
Suffering has a cause— selfish desires. Suffering can be overcome by destroying selfish desires.
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Four Noble Truths 4. If a man follows the Eightfold Path, he will destroy selfish desires and end all suffering.
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Religion Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths
Built on works and moral behavior Nirvana
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Lack of Political Unity
Mauryan Empire Chandragupta Maurya Asoka All of India but the southern tip Renounced war and converted to Buddhism Spread Buddhism
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Lack of Political Unity
Gupta Empire 4th century AD Era of prosperity and achievement Arts and sciences Kalidasa Collapsed in 6th century White Huns
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Lack of Political Unity
Northern India fell to Muslim domination Established a kingdom in 1206 Conflict in society Hostilities continue to the present day
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Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
II. China
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The Land Middle Kingdom
Land size slightly smaller than the United States Major river systems Huang He Yangtze
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The Land Remained isolated Unique and stable culture Pacific Ocean
Himalayan Mountains Gobi Desert Unique and stable culture
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Societal Features Strong Family Ties Family the center of life
Ancestor worship
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Societal Features Language and Learning Tonal quality
Common written language 65,000 characters Difficult to learn A “scholar’s world” Civil service examinations
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Chinese Thought and Life
Confucianism Confucius was a teacher System of ethics Five basic human relationships
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Five Basic Human Relationships
Father and son Elder and younger brothers Husband and wife Friend and friend Ruler and subjects
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Chinese Thought and Life
Confucianism Confucius was a teacher System of ethics Five basic human relationships The major defect
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Chinese Thought and Life
Taoism Lao-tzu Tao is the pervading force in nature Simple, inactive lifestyle Conflicts in some ways with Confucianism
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Dynastic History Dynastic cycle Shang Dynasty Began around 1500 BC
United much of northern China
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Dynastic History Zhou Dynasty Began around 1000 BC
Lasted over 800 years Classical, formative age Decentralized government
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Dynastic History Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang (r. 247-210)
United provinces under one strong centralized government Began construction of Great Wall His tomb
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Dynastic History Han Dynasty Established 202 BC Wu Ti
Civil service system Pax Sinica Trade routes opened
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Dynastic History Tang Dynasty Came to power in AD 618 A golden age
Chinese poetry Li Po Collapsed shortly after 900
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Dynastic History Song Dynasty Politically weak
Trade and culture flourished
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Chinese Culture & the Western World
China resisted the introduction of foreign elements Westerners sought their goods Discoveries and inventions
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Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
III. Japan
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Early History Little is known Clans Yamato clan Shintoism
Legends and myths Clans Yamato clan Unified Japanese state Jimmu Tenno Shintoism
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Influence of China Invasion ideas, learning, and art
5th-8th centuries Chinese writing system Buddhism Prince Shotoku
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Influence of China Extended power of emperor Powerful families
Taika Reform Capital at Nara Powerful families Fujiwara
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Rise of the Samurai Central government had become corrupt
Yoritomo became supreme military leader Shogun Warrior state
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Rise of the Samurai Samurai Training Bushido Hara-kiri
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Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
IV. The Mongol Empire
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The Mongol Empire Warriors from central Asia Huns Turks Mongols
Largest land empire in history
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Building The Mongol Empire
Temujin United all the Mongol tribes “Chinggis Khan” Conquered much of Asia Northern China Central Asia Persia Southern Russia
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Building The Mongol Empire
The Mongol army Could strike with great speed Expert horsemen Terrorized peoples Empire became too large for one man to rule
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Yuan Dynasty in China 1279-1368 Completed by Kublai Khan Marco Polo
Conquered southern China Established Mongol (Yuan) dynasty to rule all of China Moved capital to Beijing Marco Polo
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Yuan Dynasty in China After Kublai’s death:
Mongol empire in Asia became fragmented His descendants ruled China Rebellion broke out in China Mongol rulers driven out Beginning of Ming dynasty
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Golden Horde in Russia Batu Khan
Conquered Russia and moved into Hungary and Poland Tartars “Golden Horde” 250 years
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Golden Horde in Russia Moscow becomes capital Ivan III Location
Grand Prince Orthodox Church Ivan III
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Later Mongol Empires Tamerlane’s Empire Central Asia New invasions
Able, but cruel His empire collapsed shortly after his death
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Later Mongol Empires Mughal Empire in India
Babur invaded northern India Mughal dynasty Akbar Expanded the empire Slaughtered Hindus in the name of Islam
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Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
V. Africa
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Africa Second largest continent Sub-Saharan Africa
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Ancient African Civilization
Kingdom of Kush Conquered Egypt Driven out by Assyrians Aksum Defeated Kushites around AD 330 Frumentius
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Central and Western Africa
Kanem and Bornu On Lake Chad Kingdoms of Western Africa Ghana (ca )
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Central and Western Africa
Kingdoms of Western Africa Mali ( ) Mansa Musa Pilgrimage to Mecca Timbuktu Center of learning Songhai (ended 1591)
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East African City-States
Trading ports Grew wealthy and cultured Common culture Swahili language
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Forest Kingdoms Records are scarce Kingdom of Benin
Artistic accomplishments
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African Culture Family was foundational Polygamy was common Clan Tribe
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African Culture Religious beliefs Trade Forms of Christianity Islam
Tribal religions Trade Caravan trade European sailors Slave trade
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