1. Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
I. India

2. India
Topography
River systems
Many peoples, customs, languages

3. Early Civilization Leading cities: Trade
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa
Trade
Indus civilization ended suddenly

4. Early Civilization
Aryans
Sanskrit
Vedas

5. Key Features of Indian Society
Joint family
Village life
Castes
Very rigid
Four broad classes
Untouchables

6. Religion Hinduism Unifying influence No formal system of doctrine
Basic tenets found in Vedas and Upanishads
Brahman
Wheel of life

7. Religion
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Four Noble Truths

8. Four Noble Truths Suffering is part of all existence.
Suffering has a cause— selfish desires.
Suffering can be overcome by destroying selfish desires.

9. Four Noble Truths
4. If a man follows the Eightfold Path, he will destroy selfish desires and end all suffering.

10. Religion Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths
Built on works and moral behavior
Nirvana

11. Lack of Political Unity
Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta Maurya
Asoka
All of India but the southern tip
Renounced war and converted to Buddhism
Spread Buddhism

12. Lack of Political Unity
Gupta Empire
4th century AD
Era of prosperity and achievement
Arts and sciences
Kalidasa
Collapsed in 6th century
White Huns

13. Lack of Political Unity
Northern India fell to Muslim domination
Established a kingdom in 1206
Conflict in society
Hostilities continue to the present day

14. Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
II. China

15. The Land Middle Kingdom
Land size slightly smaller than the United States
Major river systems
Huang He
Yangtze

16. The Land Remained isolated Unique and stable culture Pacific Ocean
Himalayan Mountains
Gobi Desert
Unique and stable culture

17. Societal Features Strong Family Ties Family the center of life
Ancestor worship

18. Societal Features Language and Learning Tonal quality
Common written language
65,000 characters
Difficult to learn
A “scholar’s world”
Civil service examinations

19. Chinese Thought and Life
Confucianism
Confucius was a teacher
System of ethics
Five basic human relationships

20. Five Basic Human Relationships
Father and son
Elder and younger brothers
Husband and wife
Friend and friend
Ruler and subjects

21. Chinese Thought and Life
Confucianism
Confucius was a teacher
System of ethics
Five basic human relationships
The major defect

22. Chinese Thought and Life
Taoism
Lao-tzu
Tao is the pervading force in nature
Simple, inactive lifestyle
Conflicts in some ways with Confucianism

23. Dynastic History Dynastic cycle Shang Dynasty Began around 1500 BC
United much of northern China

24. Dynastic History Zhou Dynasty Began around 1000 BC
Lasted over 800 years
Classical, formative age
Decentralized government

25. Dynastic History Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang (r. 247-210)
United provinces under one strong centralized government
Began construction of Great Wall
His tomb

26. Dynastic History Han Dynasty Established 202 BC Wu Ti
Civil service system
Pax Sinica
Trade routes opened

27. Dynastic History Tang Dynasty Came to power in AD 618 A golden age
Chinese poetry
Li Po
Collapsed shortly after 900

28. Dynastic History Song Dynasty Politically weak
Trade and culture flourished

29. Chinese Culture & the Western World
China resisted the introduction of foreign elements
Westerners sought their goods
Discoveries and inventions

30. Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
III. Japan

31. Early History Little is known Clans Yamato clan Shintoism
Legends and myths
Clans
Yamato clan
Unified Japanese state
Jimmu Tenno
Shintoism

32. Influence of China Invasion ideas, learning, and art
5th-8th centuries
Chinese writing system
Buddhism
Prince Shotoku

33. Influence of China Extended power of emperor Powerful families
Taika Reform
Capital at Nara
Powerful families
Fujiwara

34. Rise of the Samurai Central government had become corrupt
Yoritomo became supreme military leader
Shogun
Warrior state

35. Rise of the Samurai
Samurai
Training
Bushido
Hara-kiri

36. Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
IV. The Mongol Empire

37. The Mongol Empire Warriors from central Asia Huns Turks Mongols
Largest land empire in history

38. Building The Mongol Empire
Temujin
United all the Mongol tribes
“Chinggis Khan”
Conquered much of Asia
Northern China
Central Asia
Persia
Southern Russia

39. Building The Mongol Empire
The Mongol army
Could strike with great speed
Expert horsemen
Terrorized peoples
Empire became too large for one man to rule

40. Yuan Dynasty in China 1279-1368 Completed by Kublai Khan Marco Polo
Conquered southern China
Established Mongol (Yuan) dynasty to rule all of China
Moved capital to Beijing
Marco Polo

41. Yuan Dynasty in China After Kublai’s death:
Mongol empire in Asia became fragmented
His descendants ruled China
Rebellion broke out in China
Mongol rulers driven out
Beginning of Ming dynasty

42. Golden Horde in Russia Batu Khan
Conquered Russia and moved into Hungary and Poland
Tartars
“Golden Horde”
250 years

43. Golden Horde in Russia Moscow becomes capital Ivan III Location
Grand Prince
Orthodox Church
Ivan III

44. Later Mongol Empires Tamerlane’s Empire Central Asia New invasions
Able, but cruel
His empire collapsed shortly after his death

45. Later Mongol Empires Mughal Empire in India
Babur invaded northern India
Mughal dynasty
Akbar
Expanded the empire
Slaughtered Hindus in the name of Islam

46. Chapter 7: The Civilizations of Asia & Africa
V. Africa

47. Africa
Second largest continent
Sub-Saharan Africa

48. Ancient African Civilization
Kingdom of Kush
Conquered Egypt
Driven out by Assyrians
Aksum
Defeated Kushites around AD 330
Frumentius

49. Central and Western Africa
Kanem and Bornu
On Lake Chad
Kingdoms of Western Africa
Ghana (ca )

50. Central and Western Africa
Kingdoms of Western Africa
Mali ( )
Mansa Musa
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Timbuktu
Center of learning
Songhai (ended 1591)

51. East African City-States
Trading ports
Grew wealthy and cultured
Common culture
Swahili language

52. Forest Kingdoms Records are scarce Kingdom of Benin
Artistic accomplishments

53. African Culture
Family was foundational
Polygamy was common
Clan
Tribe

54. African Culture Religious beliefs Trade Forms of Christianity Islam
Tribal religions
Trade
Caravan trade
European sailors
Slave trade