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AP Psychology Introduction
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What is psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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Roots of Psychology It is a relatively new science that seeks to discover how we think, feel, and act. It has been a formal study for a little over 100 years, however… The first recorded experiment was done in Egypt. Be sure to hit on Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Locke, Rousseau and Decartes.
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Roots of Psychology Franz J. Gall (1808) – Father of Phrenology
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Roots of Psychology William Wundt
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Roots of Psychology William James Functionalism Mary Calkins
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Psychology’s Current Perspectives
Psychodynamic- subconscious Behavioral – studies behavior/learning associations Cognitive – studies brain processes; how we store, process, and retrieve information Humanistic- pays attention to cultural responses, looks at human growth Biological- biochemistry, nervous system, etc. Social – your environment can impact your behavior
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Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic Approach
Sigmund Freud Treated patients with mental disorders by talking with them over time to reveal unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses
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Behavioral Approach Ivan Pavlov was a forerunner, later behaviorists include John Watson and B. F. Skinner Study of observable behavior Reject studying mental processes because private events cannot be verified
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Cognitive Approach Jean Piaget
Emphasize importance of receiving; storing and processing information; of thinking and reasoning; and of language Like a computer: encoding, storage, retrieval
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Humanistic Approach Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Thought humans have unique qualities of behavior different from other animals Free will and potential for personal growth Positive – humans can solve their own problems
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Biological Approach Focuses on physiological bases of behavior
Looks at how complex chemical and biological processes within the nervous and endocrine systems are related to behavior of organisms
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Social Approach Study social and environmental factors that influence cultural differences in behavior Examines cultural differences in order to understand, predict, and control behavior
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