1. The Rise of Segregation
Goal 7

2. Progressivism Quiz 1. What did the 16th Amendment do?
3. Who wrote and took photographs to expose poor living conditions in cities, especially for immigrants?
4. Who helped expand democracy by calling for direct primaries?
5. Which president is known for wanting to regulate business, and often used “gentlemen’s agreements”?
BONUS (10 points): Name the three “progressive presidents”.

3. Essential Idea
The major failure of the Progressive Era was the continued segregation of races in the South.
Introduction

4. Racism in the South Reconstruction:
A time when the military ran the South and many Republicans and blacks were in government

5. “Redeeming” the South
Compromise of this deal let Rutherford B. Hayes become president in exchange for ENDING Reconstruction
“Redemption”- with military gone, the South got rid of Republicans and blacks in government, and the “old South” is redeemed

6. Disenfranchisement
Blacks GAINED suffrage with the passing of the 15th Amendment, which said that men of all races could vote
States could not VIOLATE the 15th Amendment, but they could add RESTRICTIONS to it

7. Getting Around the 15th Method #1: Poll taxes
Poll Taxes put a $2 tax on voting, which targeted poor blacks

8. Stopping the Black Vote
Method #2: Literacy Tests
Literacy tests required voters to read and interpret state constitutions, which targeted illiterate blacks

9. Stopping the Black Vote
Method #3: the Grandfather Clause
The Grandfather Clause said you could only vote if you had an ancestor from 1867 who had voted
How many blacks could vote in 1867? (15th Amendment was ratified in 1870!)

10. Disenfranchisement Blacks were DISENFRANCHISED as a result
Disenfranchisement- laws passed to take away voting rights
How many blacks voted for McKinley (a Republican, like Lincoln) in the North?
How many blacks voted for McKinley in the South?
Does it appear that something fishy is going on?

11. Jim Crow Laws
___________________ - laws that legally ___________________ the races in the __________.
The 14th Amendment DID say that states could not DISCRIMINATE
However, the 14th Amendment DID NOT say that states could not SEGREGATE, or that PRIVATE businesses could not discriminate

12. Types of Segregation Two types of segregations came about:
Type of segregation: De jure
De jure meant segregation by LAW
This was upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed “separate but EQUAL”
Type of segregation: De facto
De facto meant segregation by CUSTOM
This was allowed by the 14th Amendment since it was not done by the STATE

13. Plessy v. Ferguson The Case: Plessy v. Ferguson
The issue: a black man wanted to be able to ride in a white train car
The ruling: races can be segregated if they are “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”
Plessy and Jim Crow

14. Trouble in Wilmington
Blacks in Wilmington: blacks were the majority population, held positions of power in government, and ran the local newspapers
Whites in Wilmington: white supremacists in the city decided it was time to “take the city back”

15. Wilmington Riot
First, whites destroyed the newspaper building and there were riots all day
Next, the Republicans and blacks were forced out of government and replaced with Democrats

16. Wilmington Race Riot The NEW government began passing Jim Crow laws
Meanwhile, the Federal Government did NOTHING to stop the injustice

17. Lynching
The Problem: Lynching, which is an unlawful execution, usually performed by a mob
The victims: 187 blacks a year

18. Ida B. Wells Who spoke out? Ida B. Wells
What she called for: jury trials and HONEST convictions (6th Amendment)
Famous song from the time: Strange Fruit

19. Looking for Compromise
There were ____ major figures who spoke out concerning ________________ and __________ in the South.
Booker T. Washington
Approach to segregation: Gradual
He said blacks should be educated and economically stable BEFORE fighting for equality
He made the famous Atlanta Compromise Speech, calling for gradual equality
He established the Tuskegee Institute for blacks

20. W.E.B. Du Bois: Change Things NOW
Who: W.E.B. Du Bois
Approach to segregation: Immediate
He said that segregation should be challenged immediately
Washington and Du Bois
He met with black leaders at the Niagara Movement to demand full rights
He helped organize the NAACP and started a newspaper, The Crisis

21. Lynching in Modern Times
(Show if there is time, in order. If limited on time, show only the middle video)
Modern Day Lynching?
Show:
History of Lynching in America
The Ku Klux Klan and the Lynching of Michael Donald
Michael Donald’s Mother Takes On the Klan