1. Candide by Voltaire “Freedom of Speech” and “Freedom of Consciousness”
Satire - the use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to
expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices.
Virtue of military service
Kings and warfare
Christian piety
Philosophy of “best of all possible worlds”

2. Tudor Family Henry VIII 1491-1547 (Reign, 1509-1547)
Most significant action – “Act of Supremacy”

3. Tudor Family Queen Elizabeth I 1533-1603 (Reign, 1558-1603)
Ruled for 44 years:
Economic growth
Spanish Armada (1588)
Cultural growth, “Shakespeare” & “Christopher Marlowe”
(Globe Theater)

4. Stuart Family Mary, Queen of Scots
Forced to abdicate throne of Scotland in 1567 and executed for treason in 1587.
Staunchly Catholic!!
Her son, James VI (of Scotland) became

5. James I of England 1567-1625 (King of Scotland)
(King of England)
“King James Bible” (1611)
Disagreed w/ Parliament …
Taxes
Divine Right
Foreign Policy

6. Divine Right (Absolute Authority) vs
Divine Right (Absolute Authority) vs. Limitations of Government Authority
Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor
Philip II of Spain
Louis XIV
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great
Thomas Hobbes & “Social Contract”
John Locke & “Natural Rights” VS

7. Charles I of England 1625-1649 (King of England)
Forced to sign “Petition of Rights” (1628)
Protections …
“Long
Parliament”

8. English Civil War, 1642 -1651 Cavaliers … Roundheads …
Oliver Cromwell …
Battle of Marston Moor (1644) …
Battle of Naseby (1645) …
“Lord Protector” basically a dictator (1653)

9. English Civil War Problems fighting the war?
“English Civil War - The Conflict that changed England forever”

10. Execution of Charles I (1649)
- Jan. 30, 1649

11. “Glorious Revolution” (1688)
Bloodless revolution
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Parliament will have supreme authority
Limits powers of monarchy
Elections
Freedom of speech
Right to “bear arms”