1. English

2. Biography:
Name: areej abdo hzazy
Class: 2/1

3. Contents:
Connected by technology
Crime doesn’t pay
Far and away
TV Around the world
Working 9 to 5
Going green

4. What is an auxiliary verb?
An auxiliary verb is also called a helper verb
It comes before some verbs
Not all sentences have an auxiliary

5. Sentences with no auxiliary verb
I played football last night
I walk this way to school every day
I like chocolate
Can you identify the verbs in these sentences?

6. Here are some sentences with missing auxiliary verbs – can you suggest replacements?
I _____ walking along the dusty road.
Tomorrow I ___ swim for my school.
I __ very good at maths.
Dad _____ the dishes because mum cooks the tea.
I ___ spell all of the words on my list.

7. To do do, does, did These are followed by the base form of a verb
e.g. I do work very hard.
Johnny does try his best.
They did win the game last week.
Put each of these auxiliaries into a sentence of your own

8. To have
Have, has, had
These are followed by the past participle of the next verb
e.g.
I have eaten all of my food.
John has climbed Ben Nevis.
Debbie had hidden all of Paul’s pencils.

9. To be
Am, is, are, was, were
Is followed by the present or past participle in the sentence
e.g. I am going to the park. (going = present)
Kylie is singing at Wembley stadium.
Fish is usually eaten with chips. (eaten = past participle)
I was beaten by a better player
They were running past the gates when they saw a dog.

10. can, will, shall, could, would, should, may, might, must
Modals
can, will, shall, could, would, should, may, might, must
These are followed by the base form of a verb
Use each of these in a sentence of your own:-
Can walk; will try; shall play; could tidy; would like; should work; may eat; might choose; must breathe

11. Participial Adjectives
Boring or Bored
Confusing or Confused
Exciting or Excited
Embarrassing or Embarrassed
ING? or ED?
What a confusing decision!

12. They’re ADJECTIVES! They DESCRIBE!
Be Careful! Participial adjectives look like verbs, but they’re not verbs!
They’re ADJECTIVES!
What do adjectives do?
They DESCRIBE!

13. Here’s a question for you!
In English, where do you usually put an adjective in a sentence?
In English there are two places they can go:
Before a noun: This is confusing grammar.
That was a boring movie.
After the verb “be”:This grammar is confusing.
That movie was boring.

14. There are 2 types of participial adjectives.
Present Participial Adjectives end in “ING”
For example: boring exhausting
exciting surprising
confusing embarrassing
Past Participial Adjectives end in “ED”
For example: bored exhausted
excited surprised
confused embarrassed

15. So here’s the big question!
When do you use boring?
When do you use bored?
Exciting? Excited?
Depressing? Depressed?
Fascinating? Fascinated?

16. We can often view a situation in one of the following ways:
Cause……….Result
Cause……….Feeling
Doer……….Receiver
For example, if you are in an English class and the grammar really confuses you. You would say:
This grammar is confusing.
(It’s the cause of your confusion.)
You are confused.
(This is the result of that grammar lesson.
It’s how you feel.)

17. So… -ING -ED Present Participial Adjective Past Participial Adjective
Cause Result
The lesson was boring. The students were bored.
Cause Feeling The book is interesting. The reader is interested.
The doer The receiver
The speaker was boring. The audience was bored.

18. If a chemical irritates your skin…
How do you describe the chemical?.
That chemical is irritating.
How do you describe your skin?
My skin is irritated.