2. By Dr Hester Marais maraih@unisa.ac.za
Resource description and discoverability: trends and challenges : introduction By
Dr Hester Marais
The reason why I started with a positive message, because I myself do not like change.

4. Ignoring it, does not help.

5. It also does not help fighting against change

6. Change does not wait ..

7. Purpose of today is the first step of a few staircases that wait in our profession

8. Developments in cataloguing
Library Reference Model
ISBD and MARC

9. Library Reference Model
Background
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records – 1998
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data
Since FRBR adoption in and it was followed Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), and the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD). Different people and groups were involved in the working groups developing the models. Section of the FRBR final report, concerning the definition of the entity expression, was amended. As a result, the three models adopted different points of views and different solutions for common issues. Confusion, different solutions, etc. were the result, and it was clear that it would be necessary to consolidate the different models into a single coherent model to clarify the understanding of the overall model. Enter the Library Reference Model

10. Library Reference Model …
Scope
Scope: The IFLA Library Reference Model aims to be a high-level conceptual reference model developed within an enhanced entity-relationship modelling framework. The model covers bibliographic data as understood in a broad, general sense.
Objectives: The IFLA LRM model aims to make explicit general principles governing the logical structure of bibliographic information, without making presuppositions about how that data might be stored in any particular system or application. As a result, the model does not make a distinction between data traditionally stored in bibliographic or holdings records and data traditionally stored in name or subject authority records. For the purposes of the model, all of this data is included under the term bibliographic information and as such is within the scope of the model.

11. Library Reference Model …
Changes:
- three new entities:
Collective agent
Nomen
Time-span
Three completely new entities will be added to RDA: Collective Agent, Nomen, and Time-span. Two other entities that are already implicit in RDA, Agent and Place, will be added and consolidated.

12. Library Reference Model …
Changes:
- Person, Family, Corporate body become
sub-types of Agent and Collective agent
Implementation date: April 2018 release of RDA Toolkit
The existing RDA entities Person, Family, and Corporate Body will become entity sub-types of Agent and Collective Agent, and the associated instructions will be generalized where appropriate. This will require a significant change in the definition of RDA Person, to confine the scope to real human beings. The treatment of fictitious and non-human entities and alternative names of persons such as pseudonyms given in statements of responsibility will be developed in the context of the new Nomen entity so that resources continue to be found.

13. ISBD and MARC Background Reasoning Background:
When the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) format was initially developed in the 1960s, the resulting records carried all the information needed to provide the traditional paragraph style display of bibliographic data including associated punctuation. As ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) punctuation was introduced into the cataloging rules in the 1970s, the punctuation used in MARC records changed to follow ISBD practice. During that time most libraries used card catalogs with the traditional paragraph structure to display bibliographic data. Consequently, the inclusion of punctuation in MARC records was considered beneficial and necessary.
As libraries moved to the use of online systems to store and access catalog data, the display of bibliographic information also changed. Traditional displays of bibliographic information in paragraph form were discarded in favor of labeling parts of the bibliographic description. Yet, in MARC 21 punctuation needed for the traditional paragraph style display of bibliographic data remains as part of the information routinely input and carried in MARC records. MARC 21 documentation contains instructions on inputting punctuation and numerous examples illustrating fields with ISBD and other punctuation.

14. ISBD and MARC … Redundancy 264 #1 $a London : $b Penguin Books,

15. ISBD and MARC … - Economy Catalogers often put too much time and
effort into inputting and correcting ISBD
punctuation in bibliographic records.

16. ISBD and MARC … Solution Construct MARC bibliographic records with
most ISBD punctuation omitted.
Eliminating most punctuation from MARC
records simplifies data entry and allows
catalogers to focus solely on coding to better
identify parts of the bibliographic description.

17. ISBD and MARC … Future Current: 222 #0 $a Family herald
$b (Montreal. 1859)
Future: 222 #0 $a Family herald
$b Montreal $b 1859

19. 010 ## $a
$a AP-2040 $b Alliance Publications
040 ## $a DLC $e aacr/2 $c DLC
$a M759 $b .B
100 1# $a Beethoven $h Ludwig van $d
$a Sonatas $m piano $j no. 8, op. 13 $r C minor $p Adagio cantabile $o arranged
$a Pathetique $b op. 13 $b Cantabile $b for clarinet choir $c Ludwig van Beethoven $d arr. by James D. Thornton
260 ## $a Fish Creek, WI $b Alliance Publications $c c2006
300 ## $a 1 score (9 p.) $a 7 parts (2 sets) $c 28 cm
500 ## $a Originally for piano; arr. for clarinet choir
500 ## $a Caption title
500 ## $i Duration $a 5:00
500 ## $a "Gr 3" $z Cover
650 #0 $a Woodwind septets $g Clarinets (7) $h Arranged $v Scores and parts
650 #0 $a Clarinet choir music $h Arranged $v Scores and parts
700 1# $a Thornton $h James D. $d $4 arr

21. ISBD and MARC … Conversion programs in place Policy decisions
Implementation date: 1 January 2018