1. Reconstruction
How would the South rebuild its economy and society after the four years of war?
What should the role of government be in helping the 4 million slaves integrate into society?
How should the confederate states be handled?

2. Reconstruction Lincoln’s Plan
Oath of allegiance to the Union and the Constitution
Accept the Emancipation of slaves
State governments would be accepted as legitimate by the President as long as 10% of the voters took loyalty votes
Each state would have to rewrite their constitutions and eliminate slavery
Johnson’s Plan
All former leaders of the Confederacy could not vote
Johnson made use of his power to pardon.
States had to revoke secession
States had to ratify the XIII amendment
The 11 states had complied with the requirements of reconstruction.

3. Reconstruction Congressional Republicans were angered by:
Former confederates holding elective office
The Southern implementation of the Black Codes.

4. Black Codes Allowed former slaves to: Marry fellow blacks
Own personal property
Sue and be sued
Required former slaves to buy a license to work a craft
Arrest and fine unemployed blacks
Forbade former slaves to
Serve on juries
Vote
Carry weapons without a license
Hold public office
Own land
Travel without a permit
Contract labor

5. Reconstruction Acts
Ten states were divided into five military districts
The army could use force to maintain the peace and protect civil rights
Each state had to write a new constitution, members of the convention were elected by all males, constitutions had to guarantee suffrage to African-American males former Confederate officers were not allowed to participate.
States had to ratify the XIV Amendment

6. Civil Rights Act of 1866, Amendment XIV and XV
Civil Rights Act of African-Americans given the right to testify in court, own land, make contracts and exercise all the rights of white Americans
Amendment XIV
All persons born in the United States were naturalized citizens.
States were forbidden from denying a person their rights without due process of law.
All citizens were to enjoy equal protection under the law.
States would lose representation in Congress in proportion to the number of citizens denied the right to vote
Former Confederate officials could not hold office unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congres
Former slave owners could not sue for the value of lost slaves
Amendment XV
Could not deny anyone the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitude

7. Reconstruction
Freedmen’s Bureau, provided food, shelter, medical aid, 3000 schools and legal help
Tenure of Office Act 1867, required the President to get Congressional approval for removing any Federal official including cabinet members. Johnson vetoed, Congress overrode the veto. Johnson removes Stanton, congress impeaches Johnson

8. Election of 1868
Republicans nominated Ulysses S. Grant, party supported black suffrage in the South, favored radical reconstruction, and encouraged immigration and naturalization
Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour,

9. Election of 1868, campaign
Grant- didn’t campaign, theme, “Let us have peace.” “Bloody Shirt” Democrats were the party of secession and treason. Grant, war hero

10. Election of 1868, Results Ulysses S. Grant Horatio Seymour Party
Republican
Democrat
Pop Vote
3,012,833
2,703,249
% Pop Vote
53%
47%
Electoral Vote
214 80
States 26 8

11. Grant Administration
Grant continued with reconstruction, 1872 dismantled the Freedmen’s bureau.
Threatened the use of force against the Ku Klux Klan
Civil Rights Act of 1875, declared unconstitutional 1883

12. Election of 1876
Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio. Platform permanent pacification of the south, land grants to railroads or other corporations.
Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden, NY. Platform promised an honest and efficient government, tariff reform. Opposed land grants to railroads

13. Election of 1876, Problems
Tilden wins popular vote, but the electoral votes of LA, SC and FL were in confusion, one electoral vote in Oregon was in dispute.
Tilden led in electoral votes, 1 vote shy of a majority.
Congress established a 15 man electoral commission.

14. Election of 1876, Results
All commission members voted along party lines, Hayes elected by one vote. Some threatened rebellion.
Compromise of Hayes agrees to end the military occupation of the South and he will bring one Southern Democrat into his cabinet. Agrees to push for a southern transcontinental railroad. Ends reconstruction.