1. 19th Jim Crow and Segregation - Chapter. 11, Section 3
By Mr. Bruce Diehl

2. I. Resistance and Repression
Sharecropping –
Share cropping took place after slavery ended.
Most southern blacks worked on someone else’s land.
Often this land was owned by former slave owners.

3. Colored Farmers’ National Alliance –
This was an organization that worked to help southern black farmers.
It threatened power of Democratic party in the south.

4. Exodusters – ”Pap” Singleton organized mass migration of southern blacks to Kansas.

5. By 1890 many methods were used to prevent southern blacks from voting in the south.

6. II. Disenfranchising African Americans
Southern states found loopholes in the 15th Amendment
Poll Taxes – required all citizens registering to pay a tax, too high for southern blacks to pay.

7. Literacy Tests –
These were tests that voters may be required to take before voting.
These test varied in difficulty depending on who was voting.
Tougher tests were given to blacks.

8. Grandfather Clause –
These clauses allowed poor, illiterate whites to vote.
Because they had ancestors voting prior to 1867 they were exempt from poll taxes and literacy tests.

9. III. Legalizing Segregation
In 1800s both north and south “Segregated” or separated the races.
Laws that forced segregation were called Jim Crow Laws

10. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was overturned by the Supreme Court

11. In 1896 the supreme court ruled in Plessey V. Ferguson
It stated segregation was legal.
As long as it was “Separate but Equal”
Laid foundation for discrimination in the South for more than 50 years.

12. Lynchings
In the post reconstruction era, Lynching was common in the south.
It was used as a method of intimidation by southern whites.
There were hundreds between 1890 and 1899.

13. LYNCHING RATES IN THE US

15. IV. Black Leadership’s Response
Ida Wells Barnett –
Barnett was a Black woman from Tennessee.
She Led the Niagara Movement
This was a crusade against lynching.

16. Booker T. Washington –
Washington was a black leader who advocated black vocational education
He proposed the Atlanta Compromise –
He urged blacks to concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than legal or political ones.
Blacks would accept segregation if whites would allow the education of blacks
Tuskegee Institute in 1906, established by Booker T. Washington

17. W.E.B. Dubois – Dubois challenged the Atlanta Compromise.
He started the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
He advocated resistance to segregation and disenfranchisement.