1. Cell Structure
And
Function

2. Cell: the smallest unit of life

3. Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life.

4. Prokaryotic cells Simple cells No nucleus Ex: bacteria
Staph aureus is found naturally on your skin.
Staphylococcus aureus

5. Prokaryotic Cell
Thick outer capsule surrounds the outside of the cell. Free Ribosomes float in the cytosol. DNA is wound into chromosomes in a bundle called the nucleoid.

6. Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria
E Coli Bacteria
Both of these bacteria are found naturally in your intestines.

7. Eukaryotic Cells More complex Have a true nucleus
Make up all living cells other than bacteria
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles.

8. Eukaryotic Cell

9. Hair Cell
Fingernail
Nerve cell
Nerve Cell
White and Red Blood Cells

10. Similarities and differences between the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Cell size
1-10 micrometers
micrometers
Cell membrane?
Yes
Membrane-bound organelles? No
Have nucleus?
Have cytoplasm?
Have DNA
Yes, in cytoplasm
Yes, in nucleus
Examples
Bacteria
Fungi, plants, animals

12. Cell Movement
Cells use three different methods to move themselves or debris

13. Flagella: long hairlike filaments used by some prokaryotes to move

14. Flagellum

15. Cilia: short hairlike projections that some cells use for movement

16. Pseudopod: false foot

17. Picture Quiz
Identify the cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

18. Eukaryotic- Mushroom Cell

19. Eukaryotic- Red blood cells

20. Prokaryotic- Lactobacilli bacteria

21. Eukaryotic- fish egg cell

22. Prokaryotic- MRSA

23. Prokaryotic- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria

24. Eukaryotic- Fern leaf cell

25. Eukaryotic- taste bud cell

26. Eukaryotic- Osteocyte (bone cell)

27. Eukaryotic- cartilage cells

28. Cell Organelles
Specialized cell parts that carry out many different processes and functions.

29. Cell membrane
Barrier around the cell that controls what goes in and out
Security Guard

30. Nuclear Membrane Nucleus Controls most of the cell’s processes
Stores DNA
Control center or ‘brain’
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

31. Nucleolus
Darker portion inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes

32. Cytoplasm (cytosol)
Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where metabolic processes occur

33. Ribosome
Small organelles that float in the cytoplasm or on the ER that build proteins
Cell workers

34. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Produces and transports materials such as proteins
Assembly line

35. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body)
Packages and distributes proteins and lipids
Shipping and handling department

36. Lysosome
Stores enzymes and removes worn-out organelles. Mainly in animal cells.
Waste disposal unit

37. Mitochondria
Provides energy for the cell
Powerhouse or powerplant

38. Mitochondria are thought to have been bacteria that was engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

39. Cytoskeleton
Thin protein fibers that helps keep the cell’s shape

40. Centrioles
Only found in animal cells that are important for cell division

41. Cell wall Found only in plant and fungus cells.
Provides extra shape, support and protection.

42. Chloroplast
Found only in plant cell. They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis

43. Vacuole Stores water, salts, and wastes. Plants have larger ones
Storage unit

44. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Have a Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic Reticulum?
YES
Have a Cell Wall? NO
Have Lysosomes?
NO (rarely)
Have Vacuoles?
None or Small
Have Chloroplasts?

47. Cellular Differentiation
250 different kinds of cells in the human body
Through cellular differentiation, different types of cells are created to carry out specific tasks or functions.
In animals the “starter” cells that differentiate are called stem cells
In plants those cells are called meristematic cells

48. Cellular Organization
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

50. Image References