1. Remembering and Forgetting

2. Remembering Network Theory Cognitive map
We store ideas in separate categories called nodes
As we make associations, we create links among thousands of nodes
Cognitive map
Personal associations that are followed in order to remember something

3. Remembering Network Hierarchy Arrangement of nodes in a certain order
Top- Abstract information
Animal
Middle- More specific information
Bird or fish
Bottom- concrete information
Blue jay, rooster, shark or guppy

4. Forgetting Four major reasons for forgetting Repression
Poor retrieval cues
Amnesia
Interference

5. Forgetting Repression
Emotional process that automatically hides emotionally threatening or anxiety-producing information in the unconscious
Comes out in therapy
Not always correct
Sexual abuse

6. Forgetting Poor retrieval cues Amnesia
Mental reminders that we create by forming vivid mental images or creating associations between new information and information we already know
Amnesia
Loss of memory that may occur after a blow or damage to the brain, after drug use, or after severe psychological stress

7. Forgetting Interference
The recall of some particular memory is blocked or prevented by other related memories
Proactive- old info. (learned earlier) blocks or disrupts the remembering of related new info. (learned) later
Retroactive- new info. (learned later) blocks or disrupts the retrieval of related old info. (learned earlier)

8. Forgetting Biological Bases of Memory
Cortex- where you store words, facts, or events
Used in both short-term and long-term memory
Amygdala- emotional memories, associations
Hippocampus- transfers short-term into long-term memory
Declarative only

9. Memorization Mnemonic devices
Ways to improve encoding and create better retrieval cues by forming vivid associations or images, which improve recall
Method of Loci- creating visual associations between already memorized places and new items to be memorized
Peg Method- associations between number-word rhymes and items to be memorized