1. 2014 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 3: Industrialization, Reform and Imperialism

2. Railroads Helped growth, expansion west Easier access West  East
Transcontinental Railroad:
Started: 1862, Completed: 1869
Built by Irish, Chinese immigrants
Dangerous conditions
Suffered racism, abuse

3. Big Business “Robber Barons” Got rich developing industries
John Rockefeller:
Founded Standard Oil
Largest trust in America; controlled oil industry
Key figure in industrial revolution

4. Biznass
Trust: Business formed to monopolize a market (eliminate competition)
Monopoly: Company has complete control of market (no competition), can manipulate price of goods

5. Thomas Edison Phonograph (Sound recorder)
Motion-picture camera (movies)
Electric light bulb
Do things after dark in factories, offices, homes
Inventions encouraged growth of industry

6. Native Americans, The West
Natives forced off lands by Americans settling the West
Wounded Knee: Last big armed conflict between troops, Natives
Sitting Bull: Led Natives at Wounded Knee
U.S. soldiers kill 300 (mostly) unarmed Native men, women, kids

7. Immigration 1850-1900: Immigration boom
Seek better life, flee hardships, persecution
Industrialization led to immigration (Need cheap labor)
Ellis Island: Reception center in NYC
Immigrants likely to be poor, settle in tenements, slums, work factory jobs
Origin– Pre-Civil War: Western Europe; Post-War: Eastern, Southern Europe 7

8. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Nativism (Opposing immigration)
Response to large number of Chinese working (cheaply) in West
Banned immigration of new Chinese to U.S.

9. Labor Unions
Organizations of workers formed to protect members’ interests
American Federation of Labor
Led by Samuel Gompers
Wages, hours, conditions

10. Pullman Strike (1894) Pullman Streetcar lays off workers Union strikes
Company closes plant
Boycott of Pullman
Rail traffic stops-- no mail delivery
President sends troops to end strike
Gov’t intervenes for Big Business

11. American Imperialism
U.S. begins to flex muscles in world, especially Central, South America
More economic markets for U.S.
Maintain national security
Maintain national pride
Late 1800s: U.S. begins to acquire colonies around world
Isolationism: Do not expand

12. Spanish-American War (1898)
Started by explosion of U.S.S. Maine
Yellow Journalism: Sensationalizes situation, blames Spain
USA gets Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
Cuba granted ‘independence’
Platt Amendment: U.S. gets right to intervene in Cuba

13. Panama Canal T. Roosevelt wanted canal for U.S. ships
Military, Economic
To connect Atlantic, Pacific Oceans to avoid trip around South America
U.S. helps Panama win independence from Columbia
Gets land for canal
Returned to Panama

14. T. Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
Addition to Monroe Doctrine
Monroe: No European influence in the Americas
Roosevelt: U.S. has right to intervene if nation has trouble paying its debts

15. Progressive Era Reform movement In government, business, society
Response to:
Concentrated wealth
Harsh work, living conditions
Gov’t corruption
Called for:
Regulation of business, protect workers and consumers, conserve natural resources, morality laws

16. Hull House Opened by Jane Addams “Settlement House” in Chicago
Settlement houses built in most major cities
Provided education, health care and services to the poor
Especially women, immigrants

17. Conservation Movement
Led by Theodore Roosevelt to preserve more than 150 million acres
Created National Park System to protect land from development

18. Muckrakers Writers exposed problems in politics, business, society
Ida Tarbell:
Wrote History of Standard Oil (1904)
Exposed corruption of Rockefeller's monopoly (Big Business in general)
Upton Sinclair:
Wrote The Jungle (1906)
Exposed unsanitary, meatpacking conditions
Led to Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act

19. Jim Crow Laws Required segregation of races Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Upheld Jim Crow
“Separate but equal”
Made segregation legal in the U.S.

20. W.E.B. Du Bois Pro-integration
Blacks must be politically, legally, socially active to achieve equality
1909: Founded National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Combat discrimination
Booker T. Washington:
Pro-separation; Racism will end when blacks acquire useful labor skills

21. Labor Laws Come after outcry over living, working conditions
Minimum age laws
Restricting work hours
Requiring safer work conditions
Triangle Factory Fire (Locked doors)

22. Political Reforms
Direct election of Senators: Citizens elect U.S. Senators (not state legislatures)
Initiative: Citizen places issue on voting ballot
Recall: Hold vote to remove office holders
Referendum: Voters vote on proposed laws

23. Progressive Amendments
16th: Congress power to collect income taxes
17th: Direct election of senators
18th: Prohibition of alcohol
19th: Women’s suffrage