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Published byCalvin Norris Modified over 6 years ago
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A conceptual model of cardiac membrane fast sodium and slow calcium ion channels: at rest (A), during the initial phases of the fast-response (B and C), and the slow-response action potentials (D and E). Activation gates are labeled “m” and “d.” Inactivation gates are labeled “h” and “f.” Source: Chapter 2. Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells, Cardiovascular Physiology, 8e Citation: Mohrman DE, Heller L. Cardiovascular Physiology, 8e; 2014 Available at: Accessed: November 07, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
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