1. Intro to First Aid

2. Emergencies happen everyday
Car accidents
Falls
Sudden illness
Heart attacks/stroke
Heart Disease – leading cause of death
900,000 die each year, 300,000 of them are from sudden cardiac arrests
Unintentional Injury – in 2008; 118,000 died from injury and 25.7 million were disabled

3. Your role: give first aid until medical attention arrives
EMS (Emergency Medical System)- Police, Fire, Paramedics, EMT’s, dispatchers, and you
Your job  Check – Call – Care
Sequence of events
1st: Citizen call
2nd: 911 Dispatch
3rd: First Responder
4th: EMT’s
5th: Hospital
Last: Recovery/Rehab

4. As a responder you will take 4 steps to help the victim
1: Recognize
2: Decide to Act
3: Activate EMS
4: Give care until help arrives

5. Recognize Noises Sights Screaming/Yelling
Crash – Glass, Metal, Screeching
Change in normal sounds
Unusual Silence
Sights
Stopped vehicle
Downed wires
Motionless person
Spills
Smoke/fire

6. Odors Unusual Behavior Stronger than usual unrecognizable
Unconsciousness
Confusion
Sudden Fall
Obvious Pain
Trouble Breathing

7. Decide to Act Once you see a victim/emergency, you must decide to act
How can you act?
Talk to victim, Call 911 or family, administer 1st Aid
Why don’t people assist in an emergency?
Fear of doing something wrong
Don’t know what to do
Assume someone else will do it
Type of injury is too gross or scary
Fear of catching disease
Fear of being sued

8. Contact EMS Depending on Emergency, depends on who you call
99% of the time 911 will work
They will put in contact with correct agency
They will also guide in helping victim and giving care
Sometimes (rarely) an area does not have 911 services
Contact local sheriff, poison control, doctor, etc
Also, see if you can contact family member of victim (Do not interrupt care of victim or hang up on 911)

9. Give Care
Only give care in which you have been trained or feel comfortable doing
ALWAYS!!!!! Think first.
Do NOT do anything that will injury/harm the victim anymore
Do NOT harm yourself when giving care
Always get consent first
Ask the person if they want help
If they can’t not respond, it is implied consent

10. Be Prepared for Emergencies
Have your contact info and medical info on you at all times
Get trained in first aid and CPR (umm, that’s what your doing right now)
Know where first aid kits are
Know who to contact
Where medical bracelet in needed

11. Good Samaritan Law
When you give first aid, you are legally protected if:
you give care in good faith without expecting anything in return
Use common sense and use reasonable level of skill
Move victim only if life is endangered
Ask victim for permission to give care
Check for life threatening emergencies
Call for help
Give only care in which you are trained

12. When you are not protected:
You are deliberately negligent/reckless
Start to help and quit
Do not assist at all or call for help
Provide care in which you are not trained and do more damage

13. Things to Remember in an Emergency
Before you Act
Be Realistic
You can’t always help
Know yourself
Know your strengths and weakness (physically & emotionally)
Know the Facts (laws)
Be Prepared
Gather Supplies

14. Recognize the Need to Act
Learn signs or signals of an emergency
Familiarize yourself with hazards
Prepare for aftermath
Victim may go into shock
Infection
Your own emotional situation

15. During an emergency Remain Calm Use common sense Be resourceful
DO NOT PANIC!!!!!
You must have a clear mind for yourself and others
Most victims do not know the severity of injury, panic will make it worse
Use common sense
Be resourceful
Use what you have to help
Be aware
Things change during emergencies
Do no further Harm
To yourself or the victim

16. Disease Prevention

17. When giving care – You must protect yourself from diseases
Infectious disease – diseases that can spread from one person to the next
Ex. HIV, Flu, Chickenpox, Herpes

18. How do they spread?
Direct Contact – transfer of “germs” from body fluids directly into another person
How? Spit, blood, “Throwing shoes”, sharing food/drinks, open wounds
Indirect Contact – transfer of “germs” without coning in contact with sick person
How? Air, transfer onto objects

19. Prevention Standard Precautions
Now known as PPE (Personal Protection Equipment)
Avoid direct contact with body fluids
Use CPR barriers
Cover your own cuts & Scrapes
Wash hands after giving care
If you come in contact with body fluids (from an unknown person), get medical attention

20. Cleaning up Blood Always clean immediately Use gloves
Use Bleach solution
Dispose in biohazard container

21. Check-Call-Care Check first Always check is the scene is safe
Observations:
Is immediate danger involved?
What happened?
How many people are involved?
Is anyone else available to help?
What is wrong?

22. Call first or not? When to call first? When to Care first?
Victim in unconscious
Child or infant suddenly collapse
Known to have heart problems
When to Care first?
An unconscious child you did not see collapse
Any drowning victim

23. Giving Care General Guidelines Do no further harm
Monitor breathing & consciousness
Help victim as comfortable as possible
Keep from getting overheated or too cold
Reassure the person
Give specific care as needed

24. Transporting a Person NEVER transport a victim: Cause more injury
Life threatening condition
Unsure nature of injury

25. Moving a victim Only move a victim: Faced with immediate danger
Fire, lack of oxygen, collapsing structure, etc
When you have to get to another victim in more serious condition
When necessary to proper care

26. Types of Emergency Moves
Pack-Strap Carry
Clothes Drag
Blanket Drag
Ankle Drag

27. Checking an Conscious/Responsive Person
Interview victim and bystanders
Ask happened?
Do you feel pain?
Do you have allergies?
Any medical conditions?
Check Head to Toe
Look for bleeding, abnormalities
Check for consciousness
Changes in breathing
Skin color
Medical ID Tags
SAMPLE
S- Signs & Symptoms
A – Allergies
M – Medications
P – Pertinent Medical Info
L – Last Food/ Drink
E – Events Leading to this

28. Shock What is it? What to look for… Lack of oxygen to organs
Restlessness or irritability
Nausea
Pale skin
Rapid Breathing
Excessive Thirst

29. Checking an Unconscious Person
Do they have an open airway?
Are they breathing normal?
Are they bleeding severely?
How to open airway….

30. Review: Before Giving Care
What is the Good Samaritan law? And Why do we have it?
If a person doesn’t give consent, what do you do? What if they can’t?
What type of injuries or illness should you call 911?
Give some examples that indicate an emergency has occured

31. What are standard precautions?
How do you check a conscious person? Unconscious?
When checking for breathing, how long do you watch for?
How do you treat someone for shock?