1. Responding to Emergencies
Triage

2. Basic Principles Stay __________________
Assess the ___________________
_____________________________
Obtain ____________________ to treat the victim
Try to determine what happened
Practice ___________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________________
Basic principles
Enlist help of __________________
_____________________ the victim
Don’t discuss the victim’s ____________________ with observers at the scene
Don’t give the victim anything to _______________

4. Good Samaritan law
_______________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

5. triage
Process of deciding which victims should be treated first based ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

6. Triage
In a ____________________________ you can’t commit to “one-on-one” care
You have to be quickly assess the victims – _________ sec or less per patient
Very limited treatment is provided:
______________________________
_______________ with finger sweep
_______________________________ ______________________________

7. Primary and Secondary Triage
Secondary triage - ________________ process that takes place after the patient has been moved to a treatment/holding area awaiting transport.
Primary triage - 1st contact- ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

8. triage Triage separates the injured into 4 groups:
_______________________________ (critical patient)
_______________________________ (serious patient that could wait until all reds have been transported )
_________________ (ambulatory; minor injuries)
______________________________ (expectant)

9. 4 things to think about…
Ability to _______________________________________
_______________________________________________

10. BEGIn…. Clear out all __________________________ victims
ask for victims who can hear you and are able to walk, to walk toward you
Once they walk toward you – designate a place for them to go & have someone tag them ___________________
Rest of the patients require MORE triage –
3 steps, assess:
________ (respiratory effort)
________ (pulses/perfusion)
________ (mental)
They will be tagged red, yellow, or black

11. Step 1: Respiratory Effort
Secondary triage
following four categories:
and assign them to one of the
using START Triage, evaluate victims
Primary triage
Green
ambulatory patients
RED
BLACK
“START”
Focus on tagging the patients
OUR POLICY           
Primary and Secondary
Something To Think About....
The “START” System of Triage
Triage
The
The “START” System of Triage
START –
Respiratory Effort   
4 things to think about
START –
BEGIN...
Rest of the patients require MORE triage –
Clear out all
black.
Keep in mind that in a larger scale event,
progress. They are still tagged green –
direct them to the area that you selected
In this type of situation, you may encounter
building.
patients may be spread out over a large
area or even on several floors or rooms in a  
Someone needs to stay with them &
Someone needs to tag them green 
keep them informed
designate a place for them to go
Once they walk toward you –     
Simple Triage and Rapid
Treatment       
Not breathing
step
Breathing normal =   R P M
Assign triage category
transport. 1
Immediate (red)
Delayed (yellow)
Ability to
treatment/holding area
Walking wounded/minor (green) R
ongoing process that takes place after
the patient has been moved to a M P
Fire Department located at Hoag
the staff members of the Newport Beach
Memorial Hospital in Newport Beach, CA   
The method was developed in 1983 by
If they don’t start breathing – tag
If they start breathing - tag
ulses/perfusion st
espiratory effort
ulses/perfusion
espiratory effort
“Greens”
ental status
ental status
Easy to use
Focus is on signs/symptoms
Fast
contact
RED ) (
awaiting
go to next
Step 1
...
follow directions and walk
–tag
START
– manually open their
Step 1: Respiratory Effort
If victim is not breathing– _______________________________
If they start breathing = tag __________________
If they don’t start breathing = tag _______________________
If victim is breathing >________ or <_______= tag _________
If victim is breathing normal ________________ = go to step 2
airway
3 steps: They will be either red, yellow or
further ambulatory patients as you
Breathing
>30 or <10 = tag
Deceased/expectant (black)
for the “greens” to stage.

12. Step 2: pulses/perfusion
Check for _________________________ pulse or capillary refill
If radial pulse _____________ or cap refill >2 seconds = tag ____________
If radial pulse _____________ or cap refill < 2 seconds = go to step 3

13. Step 3: mental status
Assess whether or not the victim can follow a simple _______________________, say to the victim: “Squeeze my hand”
If the victim can follow a simple command = tag _________________________
If the victim cannot follow a simple command = tag _______________________

14. Treatment area
Patients should be separated as tagged

15. morgue Tagged _______________________
Establish an area away from other patients
It should be a secure area away from on-lookers, media, etc.
Accessible for you and coroner staff