1. Presentation Title “Reversed Carnot Cycle”

2. Reversed Carnot Cycle
Reversing the Carnot cycle does reverse the directions of heat and work interactions.
A refrigerator or heat pump that operates on the reversed Carnot cycle is called a Carnot refrigerator or a Carnot heat pump.
The reversed Carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle operating between two specified temperature levels.
It sets the highest theoretical COP.

3. Schematic of a Carnot Refrigerator
(1-2) refrigerant absorbs heat isothermally from a low temperature source at TL in the amount of QL.
(2-3) refrigerant compressed to
state 3 (temperature rises to TH)
(3-4) refrigerant reject heat to high temperature at TH in the amount QH. Refrigerant changes from saturated vapor state to a saturated liquid state in the condenser .
(4-1) refrigerant expands adiabatically to state 1(temperature drops to TL)
Schematic of a Carnot Refrigerator

4. Schematic of a Carnot Refrigerator and T-S diagram of Reversed Carnot Cycle

5. Reversed Carnot Cycle Consists of 4 processes Adiabatic Compression
Isothermal Compression
Adiabatic Expansion
Isothermal Expansion

6. Reversed Carnot Cycle
(1-2) Adiabatic compression of the working fluid with the aid of external work.The temperature of the fluid rises from T2 to T1.
(2-3) Isothermal compression of the working fluid during which heat is rejected at constant high temperature T1.
(3-4) Adiabatic expansion of the working fluid. The temperature of the working fluid falls from T2 to T1.
(4-1) Isothermal expansion of air where heat is absorbed at low temperature T2 from the space being cooled.
Isothermal
Comp T1 Q1
Adiabatic Exp
Adiabatic
Comp Q2
Isothermal
Exp T2 Q1 Q2

7. Reversed Carnot Cycle
The result is a cycle that operates in the counterclockwise direction on T-S diagram, which is called the Reversed Carnot Cycle.

8. COP of Refrigerator Heat absorbed Q2 = T2ds Heat rejected Q1 = T1ds
Work input = Heat Rejected – Heat Absorbed
= Q1- Q2 = T1ds - T2ds =(T1-T2)ds
COPR = cooling effect = QL = Q = T2ds
work input Wnet.in Q1- Q (T1-T2)ds

9. Point to remember ….!
Practically, the reversed Carnot cycle cannot be used for refrigeration purpose as the adiabatic process requires very high speed operation, whereas the isothermal process requires very low speed operation.

10. Thanks