1. The Fight for Democracy and the English Civil War
SS9 – Chapter 2

2. Chapter Objectives By the end of the chapter, you will be able to:
Explain how a conflict over the rights of parliament could develop into a civil war
Explain the reasons for colonialism
Compare the motives of the Royalists to those of the Roundheads
Compare forms of government – republics, constitutional monarchies and absolute monarchies
Explain how religion influenced events in England from 1600 to 1648

3. Intro
Democracy – government controlled by the people who live under it
Has not always been around – Magna Carta signed in 1215 paved the way by guaranteeing people civil rights
Rule in England went from: monarchs respecting parliament  Stuarts & conflict with parliament  civil war & republic  constitutional monarchy (monarchy where monarch rules according to constitution and laws of the nation

4. English Society in the 17th Century
Became a colonizing nation after defeat of Spanish Armada  settling and controlling lands of others (eg: North America, India, South Africa)
Business and agriculture grew, entrepreneurs (business owners) found many opportunities

5. Religion
England mostly Protestant, with many different congregations and ways of worshipping
Official church = Church of England (Anglican) with King as its head
Services were elaborate, richly decorated buildings
- Please complete question #1

6. Religion Puritans = dissenting Protestants
Opposed to ceremonies and decorations of Anglican Church (dissent = to differ in opinion, disagree)
Puritans were Calvinists – believed church services should be plain and simple
Calvinist Blue Laws outlawed things like Christmas, dancing, sports and theater
Believed life should be devoted to God

7. Witches! Puritans were suspicious of women
Believed – women were responsible for original sin (state of sin people live in because Eve caused Adam to disobey God’s will)
17th century – witch hunts began – 100s of people persecuted and executed for witchcraft
Most were innocent – women who did not marry (misfits), or who knew about medicinal plants (wise women), or old women who lived alone with a pet
Witch-hunting = very profitable business!

8. ‘Witches’ were drowned, hanged, burned or pressed to death
WHY did witch-hunting occur?
Witch-hunts can show us what?
How easily human emotion and fear can destroy institutions society has established to protect people

9. Before James I
Parliament – used by king to consult with powerful people of land
After Magna Carta:
King can’t introduce taxes without parliament consent
Person accused of a crime had right to trial
1295 – had House of Lords and House of Commons (wealthy landowners elected to represent people of poverty)

10. The Early Stuarts
James VI (6th) of Scotland became James I of England after Elizabeth I
He was a Stuart and disliked the democratic tradition of England – preferring to rule as an absolute monarch  king with unlimited powers
Introduced idea of ‘Divine Right of Kings’ into England – very unpopular idea where king believes powers come straight from God
Son – Charles I – also believed in this

11. Charles I Also believed in ‘Divine Right of Kings’
Unwilling to compromise with parliament
Looked for ways to rule without parliament and to raise money for extravagant lifestyle EX:
Brought back ship money – ancient fee where people had to pay the king to provide warships for navy
Collected customs fees “tunnage & poundage”

12. Charles VS. Parliament
Parliament refused to give Charles money for soldiers to stop revolt of Scots
New parliament called: “Long Parliament”
called for removal of Charles’ advisors
planned to pass “Grand Remonstrance” which would remove many of king’s powers
This divided parliament – so Charles invaded House of Commons (umm kind of against the law…) and tried to arrest the leaders
Radicals escaped, called for an army  open rebellion
What might this lead to?
What would happen if Stephen Harper invaded our House of Commons and tried to arrest the leaders?
Complete Question #2

13. Civil War Civil war broke out in England in 1642 – for 7 years!
Charles supporters = Royalists/Cavaliers
Mainly came from noble families
Parliaments troops = local militia
Farmers and townspeople with little experience in military
Parliament and Scots made an alliance – new army of “Roundheads” (short haircut)
Roundheads beat Royalists at 2 important battles and Charles was handed over to parliament
Using pages 35-36, complete Question #3

14. Rump Parliament
Many members left to fight for king leaving Puritans and Presbyterians in parliament
Disagreed on powers of king (no monarchy vs. limited powers)
Rebellions led to driving out of Presbyterian members leaving “Rump Parliament”
Tried and executed king with treason

15. Republic Republic = country without a monarch
Rump parliament had voted to abolish monarchy and House of Lords
Supported by Roundhead army who attacked anyone refusing to support this Commonwealth

16. Lord Protector The Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell
Disagreed with absolute power of the monarchs, but ended up becoming a dictator

17. Restoration After Cromwell dies, General Monk takes over
Restores parliament with Charles II as king (with limitations… which he tries to overcome)
Charles II tried to protect Catholics, but parliamenet passed the Test Act, making the Church of England supreme

18. Glorious Revolution Charles II dies and James II (a catholic!) is king
James II consistently goes against the Test Act
Parliament asked Mary (James II’s protestant daughter) and her husband William of Orange to become king and queen of England (= Glorious Revolution)
Now complete questions 4 and 5