1. Colonization

2. What does religious toleration mean?
Accepting of someone else’s religion

3. What immigrants to the New World came involuntarily?
Africans

4. Who were the Puritans? English religious group
Believed the Anglican Church should purify or cleanse itself of Roman Catholic ritual and ceremony

5. What was another name for the Anglican Church?
Church of England

6. Where did the Pilgrims settle?
Plymouth, Massachusetts

7. What basic unit of settlement did Puritan church congregations use in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
The Town

8. What type of government did the Puritans use in New England town meetings?
Direct Democracy

9. What ancient model did New England town meetings follow?
Direct Democracy in the ancient Greek city-state of Athens

10. What were the two reasons why the Puritans settled in New England?
Religious freedom
Economic opportunity

11. What European groups settled the Middle colonies?
German
English
Dutch

12. Why did European immigrants settle the Middle colonies?
Religious freedom
Economic opportunity

13. What does one call the English nobility who received large land grants in colonial Virginia?
Cavaliers

14. In what part of colonial Virginia did many poor Englishmen settle?
Shenandoah Valley
Western Virginia

15. What does one call the colonists who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of time in exchange for payment of their passage to the New World?
Indentured servants

16. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown

17. Virginia House of Burgesses
What was the first elected assembly or lawmaking body in the New World?
Virginia House of Burgesses

18. What became the name of the House of Burgesses after independence?
Virginia General Assembly

19. What regions of the New World did the Spanish explore and settle?
The Caribbean
Central America
South America

20. How did colonization affect the Indians?
Died in wars
Pushed off their land
Died of European diseases like smallpox

21. How did French colonization differ from English colonization?
Fewer French colonists than English colonists
French had better relations with the Indians

22. What was the result of the Atlantic slave trade?
Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas against their will.

23. New England Middle colonies Southern colonies
What were the three regions of English settlement along the Atlantic coast?
New England
Middle colonies
Southern colonies

24. What was the economic basis of New England?
Subsistence farming
Lumbering
Shipbuilding
Fishing

25. What is subsistence farming?
Growing only enough food to feed one’s family

26. What two Puritan values helped the New England colonies succeed?
Hard work
Thrift (saving money)

27. Name the Middle colonies.
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

28. Name two important seaports and trade centers in the Middle colonies.
New York
Philadelphia

29. What was the economic basis of the Middle colonies?
Small-scale commercial (for profit) farming
Shipbuilding
Trade

30. What was the economic basis of the coastal lowlands in the Southern colonies?
Plantations that grew cash crops for export to Great Britain

31. What was the cash crop of colonial Virginia?
Tobacco

32. What were the two cash crops of colonial South Carolina?
Rice
Indigo

33. Subsistence farming Hunting Trade
What was the economic basis of the Appalachian foothills in the western part of the Southern colonies?
Subsistence farming
Hunting
Trade

34. What did the English colonists believe about property rights?
A strong belief in private ownership of property
A strong belief in free competition

35. What two types of labor systems were used on the plantations in the South?
First, indentured servants
Later, African slaves

36. What was the background of most of the indentured servants in colonial America?
Poor people from:
England
Scotland
Ireland

37. Where and when did the first Africans arrive in colonial America?
Jamestown
1619

38. What term refers to the cruel and inhuman transportation of African slaves by ship from Africa to the New World?
The Middle Passage

39. African slave trade Slave labor system
What were two results of the labor shortages on the plantations of the English colonies?
African slave trade
Slave labor system

40. Eventually what war was caused by the development of a slavery-based agricultural economy in the Southern colonies?
American Civil War

41. What was the basis of society in colonial New England?
Religious standing

42. What was the Puritans’ attitude towards religious dissenters?
Were intolerant of dissenters, who challenged Puritan beliefs
Intolerant means prejudiced or narrow-minded

43. What are religious dissenters?
People who disagree with the dominant religion

44. What religious dissenter founded the Rhode Island colony?
Roger Williams

45. Why did Roger Williams start the Rhode Island colony?
To flee religious persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts

46. What religious groups settled in the Middle colonies?
Quakers
Presbyterians
Jews
Huguenots

47. Where did Quakers settle?
Pennsylvania

48. Where did Presbyterians?
New Jersey

49. Where did Jews settle?
New York

50. Where did Huguenots settle?
New York

51. What socio-economic class developed in the Middle colonies?
A strong middle class

52. How did members of the middle class in the Middle colonies make a living?
Skilled artisans
Entrepreneurs
Small commercial farmers

53. What is an entrepreneur?
A business owner

54. Family status Land ownership
What formed the basis of the social structure in the Southern colonies?
Family status
Land ownership

55. Who dominated the colonial government and society in the Southern colonies?
Large landowners

56. What was the most important church in the Southern colonies?
The Church of England (Anglican Church)

57. What socio-economic group controlled the legislatures in the Southern colonies?
The Planters

58. Subsistence farmers Hunters Traders
How did colonists make a living in the mountains and valleys of the inland South?
Subsistence farmers
Hunters
Traders

59. What was the background of most of the colonists in the mountains and valleys of the inland South?
Scots-Irish
English

60. Who were the Scots-Irish?
Scottish Protestants who had settled in the northern part of Ireland

61. What religious movement swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s?
The “Great Awakening”

62. Who was the major leader of the “Great Awakening”?
George Whitefield

63. What two Protestant denominations grew rapidly during the “Great Awakening”?
Baptists
Methodists

64. Why did the “Great Awakening” lay one of the social foundations for the American Revolution?
It challenged the existing religious and governmental order in the colonies.