1. CH 3 Lesson 2: The 13 Colonies – New England
U.S. History
Mr. Rich
Miami Arts Charter

2. Sections: Section1: Maps Section 2: Pilgrims
Section 3: Massachusetts Bay
Section 4: Natives

3. Section 1: Maps
The map to the right shows how the European powers had sliced up North America by 1700.

4. Section 1: Maps
The map to the right shows a close-up of the 13 English colonies.
This lesson will focus on the New England colonies
Green: New England
Purple: Middle Colonies
Red: Southern Colonies

5. Section 2: Pilgrims
England had become a Protestant country in because of King Henry VIII.
There were many in England who believed the new Church of England that Henry had created wasn’t strict enough. These Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England to be more traditional.
Some Puritans wanted to leave the Church of England entirely and start a whole new religion These separatists are who we commonly know as the Pilgrims.
Pilgrims, roll out!

6. Section 2: Pilgrims
The Pilgrims made an agreement with the Virginia Company to settle on land near Jamestown in exchange for some of the food the Pilgrims would grow each year.
However, the ship that carried the Pilgrims, The Mayflower, was blown way off course and they landed in Massachusetts instead (over miles north of their destination).
There were 102 settlers onboard the ship, but only 35 of them were Pilgrims
We’re not lost!
Siri says Jamestown is this way!

8. Section 2: Pilgrims
Because the Mayflower landed outside of the lands controlled by the Virginia Company, they were largely on their own.
The Pilgrims made an agreement known as the Mayflower Compact. About 41 men aboard the boat signed the document and therefore agreed to the following:
To remain loyal to England
To create a government in the Plymouth Colony
To agree to follow the laws created by the colony government

9. Section 2: Pilgrims
Life in the Plymouth Colony was very difficult. The first winter about half of the settlers died from the cold, illness, and a lack of food.
Squanto and Samoset were two Native Americans who befriended the settlers and helped them learn how to survive Squanto had actually been kidnapped by English fisherman years before and had learned their language. For this reason he became a translator between the Plymouth settlers and the nearby Wampanoag tribe.

10. Section 3: Massachusetts Bay
As you can see, I put the tan in Puritan.
In 1625, Charles I became the new king of England. He disliked the Puritans and created harsh laws against them. As a result, more Puritans decided to leave England and head to New England.
In 1629, a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company. The company sent 900 men, women and children, led by John Winthrop to establish a colony. (Can you guess where?)
Portrait of John Winthrop

11. Section 3: Massachusetts Bay
In the 1630’s more than 15,000 Puritans traveled to Massachusetts in what became known as the Great Migration.
The Puritans had come to America to practice their religion as they saw fit. However, they did not tolerate people who had other religious views. Those who did not agree with the Puritans often left Massachusetts and helped create new colonies in Connecticut and Providence (Rhode Island).

12. Section 4: Natives
There were many tribes in New England. They often had peaceful relationships with the first settlements and traded with them frequently.
However, as more and more settlers arrived the competition for land led to conflict Often settlers would take land that was used by the tribes for hunting or fishing without permission.
Various types of tribal dress from New England

13. Section 4: Natives
In 1675 a war broke out between the New England settlers and the Wampanoag people. Their chief, Metacomet, was called King Phillip by the settlers, therefore this conflict became known as King Phillip’s War.

14. Section 4: Natives
The war began when the settlers accused three Wampanoag men of murder and had them executed. The Wampanoag attacked many settlements in response, but were ultimately defeated by the combined forces of the settlers and their Native American allies.
The war destroyed the powerful tribes in New England and made it easy for the colonists to expand their settlements in the future.

15. Review Questions
Why did the Pilgrims establish their colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts?
What was the Great Migration?
How did the relations between the settlers and the Wampanoag tribe change over time?