1. RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center
-Background, Achievement, Collaboration-
22. Sep. 2016
Mitsu FUJIMAKI
Japanese Red Cross Society

2. Outline – RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center
NDRC is not an official reference center approved by IFRC Governing Board
Established after IFRC resolution(11/46)’’ Preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents’’
Run and stationed by/in Japanese RC but operational budget has been contributed from recovery fund donated after GEJE 2011
RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center
One department in DM JRCS
Digital archives run by NDRC
Main body of JRCS for RN disaster preparedness
Established at Oct 2013
3 line managers and 3 full time staff
Annual budget:860,000USD for 2016
Disseminating information of JRCS activities toward RN preparedness
Established at Oct 2013
Networking information between authorities and organization
Access to 1,900 articles, documents, website in English and Japanese
Maintenance, design, translation and formulation of website are outsourced
Annual budget:450,000USD for 2016
When we call ‘Red Cross Nuclear Disaster Resource Center’, it consists of two different functions.
First one is one department in DM section in JRCS. It is main body of JRCS for RN disaster preparedness……
Another function is digital archives run by the department which disseminates information of JRCS activities toward RN preparedness.
This archive was also established at Oct 2013, same day as the department.
The archive has access to 1,900 articles, documents, website in English and Japanese.
Maintenance, formulation of website are outsourced, and annual budget for that is 450,000USD.

3. Timeline – Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and response
March 11, 2011
March 12
March 13
March 14
14：46
15：36
Hydrogen explosion at Unit 3
18：01
Massive earthquake (M9.0) occurred.
Hydrogen explosion at Unit 1
15：37
Ｆ1 NPP lost its power source to cool down nuclear fuel rod due to Tsunami
Declaration of Nuclear Emergency
19：03
Fukushima NPP accident & evacuation
21：23
5：44
18：25
Evacuation order to residents within 3km radius of NPP
Evacuation order to residents within 10km radius
Evacuation order to residents within 20km radius
　　　　　　　　　　Residents evacuated amid confusion 　　
　　　　　　as the evacuation order expanded to a wider area.
16：30
16：40
10：00
JRCS DMATs and RTs began to be deployed from across Japan.
Decisions were made to relocate RTs to gain distance from the NPP
Fukushima Chapter ordered all RTs deployed in Fukushima to return to the chapter.
This slide shows timeline of Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and our response after march
While condition of NPP accident was getting worse, end area of evacuation order was expanded time after time.
As a result, JRCS was not able to deliver our relief teams to most needed population since we did not have guideline, operation manual which our staff can follow.
We did not have equipment to protect our staff from radiation, we even did not have basic knowledge of radiation.
All RTs from other chapters temporarily left Fukushima.
Only Fukushima Red Cross Hospital RTs continued relief activities.
JRCS deployment of
relief teams
16：00
12：00
19：00
12 JRCS DMATs and RTｓ were deployed in Fukushima.
RTs began to travel to Nihonmatsu for body contamination screening.
Fukushima Chapter cancelled requests for RT deployment from other chapters.

4. Nuclear Disaster Preparedness by the JRCS
The JRCS has made efforts to prepare for nuclear disaster response based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and a resolution on “preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents” adopted at the General Assembly of the IFRC in November 2011.
IFRC GA Resolution to enhance preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies
2013.5
JRCS Manual for Relief Activities under Nuclear Disasters
Establishment of NDRC/Digital Archive
2011.3
Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident
2014.3
Procurement & Delivery of radiation protective equipment and materials for each chapter completed
2014.8
Establish a network among Japanese Red Cross radiation emergency hospitals/Radiation Emergency Medicine Advisors
JRCS Nuclear Disaster Basic Training Session for relief team members
2015.3
JRCS “Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery” developed
Based on deep regret and lessons learnt from Fukushima daiichi NPP accident, JRCS started this nuclear disaster preparedness for future event.
From this slide, let me explain about some major steps JRCS made for nuclear disaster preparedness
2013 Oct,we established NDRC and its digital archive
2014 Mar,we procured radiation protective equipment and delivered those to each chapter
2014 Aug, we established a network among Japanese Red Cross radiation emergency hospitals and assign Radiation Emergency Medicine Advisors
2014 Nov, we developed JRCS nuclear disaster basic training course
2015 Mar, we developed Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery”

5. <Target audience> Committee for the Guidelines
JRCS Codes - Guidelines
The experiences and reflections of the activities during & after the Fukushima Daiichi accident.
Lack of knowledge on radiation, equipment and materials; no safety guidelines for staff, etc.
JRCS “Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery” was developed.
(March 2015)
<Main Purpose>
- To protect lives, health and safety of affected people;
- To secure Staff Safety
<Target audience>
- JRCS staff;
- JRCS volunteers, etc.
Based on The experiences and reflections of the activities during & after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. JRCS developed “Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery”
To develop the guideline, JRCS formulated a committee for the guideline, inviting experts outside of JRCS, including physicians, radiological technologists and researchers.
The guideline was developed through careful discussion among those experts.
Committee for the Guidelines
Consists of experts outside of JRCS (physicians and radiological technologists, etc.) and JRCS staff who engaged in relief activities. 11 members in total;
Had discussion from March to December 2014.

6. JRCS Codes -Guidelines
Work outside the “restricted area (evacuation order area)”
Keep cumulative radiation dose below 1 mSv.
Consultation mechanism/Radiological Emergency Medical Advisor
Actions, Considerations in Preparedness, Response, Recovery phase
Restricted area
(Evacuation order area)
Nuclear power plant
First aid station
Residents near the plant
Evacuation
The guideline defines some regulations and organizational actions for nuclear disaster, but I think key concepts of this guideline are quite simple.
The guideline defines our staff to work outside the restricted area, our staff is not going to work in hot zone.
It also defines our staff to keep cumulative radiation dose below 1 mSv through the mission.
It also defines Consultation mechanism with Radiological Emergency Medical Advisor. It explains how our staff can get technical advice for radiation protection.
It also describes Actions, Considerations in Preparedness, Response, Recovery phase. So our staff can start preparation from anytime with this guideline.
Shelter
Medical relief by relief teams
Response to evacuees by relief teams

7. Ionization chamber survey meter
Stockpile of Radiation protective gears & equipment
1. Type of Radiation measurement equipment
(1) Measurement equipment for ambient dose rate:
Ionization chamber survey meter ICS-323C to measure
how much radiation is in the environment.
(2) Measurement equipment for surface contamination:
GM survey meter TGS-146B to check how much/where
surface in contaminated.
(3) Measurement equipment for personal radiation dose:
personal dosimeters PDM-222VB to measure personal
radiation dose throughout the mission and record/alert.
Ionization chamber survey meter
(ambient dose rate)
2. Radiation protective gear
To prevent radioactive materials from attaching to the body and entering into the body.
GM survey meter
(surface contamination)
This slide shows Stockpile of Radiation protective gears & equipment
JRCS procured three different radiation measurement equipment.
First one is…..
This is an example of Radiation protective gear such as suit, mask,goggles and so on.
Example of protective gear:
Hooded protective clothing
Dust mask with filter
Protective goggles
Gloves (cotton gloves and contamination protective rubber gloves)
Shoe covers
Tape to fill spaces
Personal dosimeter
(personal radiation dose)

8. JRCS HQs and as whole JRCS
Allocation of radiation protective gears & equipment for JRCS staff
・JRCS divides whole Japanese land into five operational blocks.
・Each of protective/measurement equipment are placed on each block.
JRCS HQs and as whole JRCS
Digital personal dosimeter 66
2,035
Ionization chamber type survey meter 3 50
GM survey meter 10
Set of protective gear
531
2,500
1st Block
4th Block
Digital personal dosimeter
273
Ionization chamber type survey meter 6
GM survey meter 1
Set of protective gear
Digital personal dosimeter
310
Ionization chamber type survey meter 7
GM survey meter 2
Set of protective gear
5th Block
Digital personal dosimeter
322
Ionization chamber type survey meter 9
GM survey meter 1
Set of protective gear
2nd Block
Digital personal dosimeter
476
Ionization chamber type survey meter 9
GM survey meter 1
Set of protective gear
・JRCS divides whole Japanese land into five operational blocks.
・Each of protective/measurement equipment are placed on each block, so that where ever the disaster take place, out relief teams can be mobilized quickly with those equipment.
As whole JRCS, we have………………..in stock.
3rd Block
6th Block
Digital personal dosimeter
385
Ionization chamber type survey meter 8
GM survey meter 1
Set of protective gear
Digital personal dosimeter
203
Ionization chamber type survey meter 8
GM survey meter 1
Set of protective gear
Block representative chapter

9. Locations of major nuclear facilities
Major nuclear power facilities in Japan
・In Japan, there are 43 operable nuclear reactors in nuclear power plants in 16 locations.
・The government stopped all operating NPP after Fukushima NPP accident and checked whole plant under more strict safety standards.
・At this moment, Sendai and Ikata NPP are only two commercially operating NPP.
Locations of major nuclear facilities
NPP
Reactor for research
Tomari NPP
Fuel processing facilities, etc.
Higashidori NPP
Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP
Onagawa NPP
Shika NPP
Tsuruga NPP
Fukushima Daiichi NPP
Mihama NPP
Fukushima Daini NPP
Ohi NPP
Takahama NPP
Tokai Daini NPP
This slide shows allocation of Major nuclear power facilities in Japan
As you can see 16 NPP are allocated in all over Japan
Shimane NPP
Genkai NPP
Hamaoka NPP
Ikata NPP
Sendai NPP

10. JRCS Radiation Emergency Hospitals/Radiation Emergency Medical Advisors
・Local government designates nine JRC hospitals as radiation emergency hospitals, in total JRCS has 12 hospitals specialized in Radiation Emergency Medicine.
・One radiation specialized doctor and　one radiological　technologist are assigned as radiation emergency medical advisor from each 12 hospitals.
Location of Major NPP and JRC hospitals related to radiation emergency medicine
Tomari NPP
Onagawa NPP
Fukushima Daiichi NPP
Fukushima Daini NPP
Tokai Daini NPP
Hamaoka NPP
Ikata NPP
Sendai NPP
Genkai NPP
Shimane NPP
Takahama NPP
Ohi NPP
Mihama NPP
Tsuruga NPP
Shika NPP
Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP
Research reactor
Processing facility/
Reprocessing facility
Date RC Hospital
JRC Ishinomaki Hospital
JRC Fukushima Hospital
JRC Mito Hospital
Nagahama RC Hospital
JRC Fukui Hospital
Matsue RC Hospital
Maizuru RC Hospital
Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital
Matsuyama RC Hospital
JRC Karatsu Hospital
Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital
Major NPP and nuclear facilities
JRC hospitals designated as radiation emergency hospitals
Related JRC hospitals
JRC Secondary radiation emergency hospitals
Nagahama RC Hospital
Matsuyama RC Hospital
JRC Karatsu Hospital
JRC Primary radiation emergency hospitals
Date RC Hospital
JRC Ishinomaki Hospital
JRC Mito Hospital
JRC Fukui Hospital
Maizuru RC Hospital
Matsue RC Hospital
So far we have 24 radiation emergency medical advisors in total and formulate radiation emergency medical advisory group
Related JRC hospitals
JRC Fukushima Hospital
Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital
Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital

11. Deployment of radiation emergency medical advisors
Consultation mechanism with Radiation Emergency Medical Advisor
Deployment of radiation emergency medical advisors
Radiation emergency medical advisors for JRCS headquarters
Consultation on overall response plan as JRCS
Coordination with central RN related authority/agency
Radiation emergency medical advisors for affected chapters
Consultation on response activities regarding on radiological condition.
Monitor and control responders’ cumulative radiation dose
Role of radiation emergency medical advisors in the manual
Radiological Specialized Doctor
Radiological Technologist
①Training for relief team members for safe activity
Basic knowledge of radiation
Usage of protective equipment
②Consultation on relief activities
Planning relief activities
Use of protective measures/medicine
Evacuation/Relocation
③Medical/Psychological follow up after mission
①Training for relief team members for safe activity
Usage of measurement equipment
②Monitor ambient dose rate and personal radiation dose.
Monitor risk information from Authority
Record/Control personal radiation dose for relief teams
③Maintain protective/measurement equipment
Consultation mechanism with Radiation Emergency Medical Advisor
The guideline we developed, clearly describes about deployment of those advisors to HQ and affected chapters. And roles of those advisors are given, such as consult on overall response plan as JRCS and monitor and control responders’ cumulative radiation dose
In addition the operation manual we also developed for our relief team, the roles of advisors are given in detail.
For example roles of Radiological Specialized Doctor is to give training for relief team members for safe activity, giving Basic knowledge of radiation, telling Usage of protective equipment. This advisor is also supposed to consult on relief activities, such as Planning relief activities, consult on Use of protective measures/medicine and consult on Evacuation/Relocation. This advisor also supposed to give Medical/Psychological follow up after mission

12. Training Course for JRCS relief team members
Formulate training modules for JRCS relief team with REM advisors.
4 training courses were completed and about 300 members were trained.
3 training courses are planned in every coming year targeting p
Structure of the training session
Program
Content
Lecture 1
JRCS organizational structure for response to nuclear disasters
Lecture 2
Relief team activities during a nuclear disaster and collaboration with REM advisors
Lecture 3
Basic knowledge about radiation protection during relief activities
Workshop 1
Radiation protective equipment and materials
Workshop 2
How to use and maintain a survey meter and a personal dosimeter
Groupwork
Case study/Simulation
This slide shows about Training Course for JRCS relief team members.
JRCS formulated training modules for JRCS relief team with REM advisors………
This is a structure of the training course, through out this training course our relief team can get knowledge about radiation and how to complete their mission with protecting themselves. All modules and training materials are now translated in English and available in our digital archives

13. NDRC - Digital Archives
Nuclear Disaster Resource Center

14. Digital Archives Front Page (http://ndrc.jrc.or.jp/?lang=en)
Archives/Special Contents/Seminars/Information Portal
Digital Archives Front Page (
Digital Archives:
Contents can be searched by using search function: by keywords,categories, subjects, time and locations.
Special contents:
Focusing specific topic regarding RN disaster, prepardness, response, recovery.
EX)
Efforts for nuclear disaster preparedness by the IFRC
Information Portal
Links to websites where nuclear disaster related information is contained.
This is first half of our digital archive’s top page, you can search all Contents using search function: by keywords, categories, and subjects.
In information portal part, you can find links to websites where nuclear disaster related information is contained.

15. Archives/Guideline/NDRC Preparedness
Nuclear Disaster Guidelines
Nuclear Disaster Guidelines
Preparedness for Nuclear Disasters
This is the second half of the top page, you can find guidelines JRCS and IFRC developed in detail. You can also find all process of JRCS to proceed our preparedness for Nuclear Disasters

16. What are on the Digital Archives?
Japanese Only: 3
Japanese and English: 24
Videos
Pictures （562）
Web Pages
Documents
JRCS Web Pages
As of Aug, 2016

17. Services can be provided to NSs in AP
Information available in the NDRC Archive
・Process of formulating the guideline, consideration, regulations
・Outputs in the process of preparedness, response, recovery
・Networks/Links with various stakeholders/organizations
Provision of protective/measurement equipment as relief items
Deployment of radiation emergency medicine advisors to affected country
Deployment of REM advisors for training/workshop for preparedness/response/recovery
Consultation with NS which plans to establish RN preparedness
In this slide, I listed up services can be provided to NSs in AP.
You can have free access to our digital archive. Our archive gives you……..
In the case of nuclear emergency, we can provide protective/measurement equipment as relief items. We can also deploy our REM advisors to affected country, so the adovisor can contribute to deliver your services to affected population while protecting your staff.
In normal time, we can deploy our advisors to training/workshop and we can also provide consultation with NS which plans to establish RN preparedness.

18. Services can be provided to NSs through IFRC
NDRC has financially supported IFRC CBRN section since 2013
IFRC has developed tools to strengthen RN preparedness
・IFRC‘Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Guideline’（Oct,2015）
　 ・IFRC learning platform ’Nuclear Emergency Preparedness ’
Opportunities to strengthen RN preparedness
・NS Consultation Meeting on Nuclear Disaster Preparedness in Tokyo（May,2012）
　 ・Reference Group Meeting on RN Emergency Preparedness
(Vienna Aug 2013,Geneva Jan 2014,　Fukushima Oct 2014,Berlin Sep 2015）
Dissemination of IFRC guideline, (CB)RN workshop (5-9 Dec Vienne 2016 )
Contact
IFRC CBRN
Martin KROTTMAYER
I also listed up some Services can be provided to NSs through IFRC
NDRC JRCS
Programe Officer
Mitsu FUJIMAKI

19. Possible collaboration with AP Ref-center on DM CR
Information sharing by mutual web links between both website
Provide technical assistance/human resource for RN related program
Introduce an REM advisor to technical advisory group of the ref-center
Participate, co-organize seminar or workshop related to RN program
Incorporate RN preparedness to IFRC regional DM mechanism, such as RDRT
Foster an awareness of (CB)RN preparedness in AP region
As the last of my presentation, I listed up possible collaboration with AP Ref-center on DM CR
The last two points are expectation from our side rather than possible collaboration, it would be very beneficial for NSs if AP ref-center tale lead to Incorporate RN preparedness to IFRC regional DM mechanism, such as RDRT, it is also good for movement if AP Ref-center could Foster an awareness of (CB)RN preparedness in AP region.