1. Unit 8: Motivation, Emotion and Stress
WHS AP Psychology
Unit 8: Motivation, Emotion and Stress
Essential Task 8-5: Apply the motivational theories to describe human drives for contact, aggression, achievement, and affiliation
Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B= Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184
Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory
Motivation & Emotion
Stress
Sources
Measures
Theories
Effects
Coping
Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Drive Reduction Theory
Arousal Theory
Intrinsic/
Extrinsic Motivation
Human Drives
Theories of Emotion
James-Lange
Cognitive Appraisal
Schachter two-factor
Cannon-Bard
Opponent Process
We are here
Explain complex motives (eating, aggression, achievement and sex)

3. Essential Task 8-5:
Outline
Apply the motivational theories to describe human drives for 
Contact
Aggression
Achievement
Affiliation

4. We need CONTACT Harry Harlow and the orphaned monkeys
Surrogate Mother 1 – Wire mesh, food, and warmth.
Surrogate Mother 2 – Cuddles, warmth but no food.
Outline

5. Application of Harlow’s research

6. Aggression
Behavior that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others.
Freud saw it as a innate drive (thanatos) that builds up until released.
Society helps channel release into acceptable outlets (sports, debates, video games)
Frustration can increase aggression

7. Cultural differences in Aggression

8. Cultural differences in Aggression

9. Gender Differences: Aggression

10. Gender differences in Aggression

11. Why? Testosterone? Societal influences?
Can be associated with aggressiveness and irritability
Would explain how this patter is seen throughout cultures
Societal influences?

12. Achievement Work orientation Mastery Competitiveness
Desire to work hard to do a good job
Mastery
Take on difficult challenges just to get better
Competitiveness
Enjoyment of pitting one’s skills against those of other people (this can hurt you and your groups though)

13. Who achieves? Characteristics of those who achieve Fast learners
Overcome mental sets
Driven to live up to high internal standards
Self confident
Take on responsibilities
don’t bow to social pressures

14. Affiliation The need to be with other people
Increases when we feel threatened
Reduce fear and anxiety
Evolutionary benefit