1. REVIEW - PERIODIZATION

2. This course surveys approximately 10,000 years of world history, focusing primarily on the last 1000 years and the evolution of global processes and interactions between and within different human societies.
The course is truly a global history rather than one focused primarily on Western civilizations with bits and pieces of others receiving only passing mention at best.
While the acquisition of relevant factual knowledge is part of the course, the main focus is to develop critical and evaluative thinking skills and the ability to analyze
and interpret historical documents in support of a plausible argument.

3. Periodization Activity
On page 16 and 17 in the "Monster Packet"
Work in groups
Discuss each of the periodization breakdowns, decide on one grouping that you like the best. Write a 2 sentence thesis to support why you believe it is the very best representation of World History.
Remember to make your case and explain your reasoning.
(use analysis - not what but "why" and "how" -- impact)

6. 6 Historical Periods
1st Technological & Environmental Transformations Ancient Periods BCE to 600 BCE (5%)
2nd Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies Classical Empires BCE to 600 CE (15%)
3rd Regional & Transregional Interactions CE to 1450 CE (20%)
4th Global Interactions CE to 1750 CE (20%)
5th Industrialization and Global Integration CE to 1900 CE (20%)
6th Accelerating Global Change and Realignments CE to Today (20%)

7. YouTube: Global History & AP World History Review in 12 minutes

8. 1. Technological and Environmental Transformations 8000 BCE – 600 BCE
Of all the time periods covered in the AP World History curriculum, Foundations (8000 BCE BCE) spans the largest number of years. It begins with an important Marker Event - the Agricultural Revolution - and ends with the rise of three major classical civilizations - Rome in the Mediterranean region, Han China, and the Gupta Empire of India.
Ancient Empires – Four River Valley Civilizations – Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus, and Shang China plus the Olmec & Chavin in the Americas.
Classical Empires – Greece, Rome, Gupta of India and Han China. *

9. 1. Technological and Environmental Transformations 8000 BCE – 600 BCE
Of all the time periods covered in the AP World History curriculum, Foundations spans the largest number of years.
Begins with an important Marker Event - the Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution/Transition - and ends after the fall of three major classical civilizations - Rome in the Mediterranean region, Han China, and the Gupta Empire of India.
Broad topics addressed in the Foundations time period are:
Environmental and periodization issues
Early development in agriculture and technology
Basic cultural, political, and social features of early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt,
Indus Valley, Shang China, and Meso/South America
The rise and fall of classical civilizations: Zhou and Han China, India (Gupta Empire),
and Mediterranean civilizations (Greece and Rome)
Major belief systems, including polytheism, Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism,
Daoism, Buddhism, and Christianity *

10. Andrew Marr sets off on an epic journey through 70,000 years of human history. Using dramatic reconstructions, documentary filming around the world and cutting-edge computer graphics, he reveals the decisive moments that shaped the world we live in today, telling stories we thought we knew and others we were never told.
Starting with our earliest beginnings in Africa, Marr traces the story of our nomadic ancestors as they spread out around the world and settled down to become the first farmers and townspeople. He uncovers extraordinary hand-prints left in European caves nearly 30,000 years ago and shows how human ingenuity led to inventions which are still with us today. He also discovers how the first civilisations were driven to extremes to try to overcome the forces of nature, adapting and surviving against the odds, and reveals how everyday life in ancient Egypt had more in common with today's soap operas than might be imagined.

11. YouTube: Andrew Marr's History of the World - Episode 1 - Survival

12. 2. Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 BCE – 600 CE
Sometimes called the Classical Period, this time period traces the development and the fall of the major historical empires which shaped our own modern cultures and economies.
Classical Empires – Greece, Rome, Gupta of India and Han China. Also included here, although out of chronological context is the Mayan Empire in the Americas.
As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions multiplied, religious and cultural systems were transformed and transmitted over wide distances.
Fall of the 3 major classical civilizations (Rome, Chinese Han, Indian Gupta), new trends that defined these years as another period with different migrations and conquests, and more developed trade patterns than before. *

13. 2. Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 BCE – 600 CE
Older belief systems, such as Christianity, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, came to become more important than political organizations in defining many areas of the world. Large religions covered huge areas of land, even though localized smaller religions remained in place.
2 nomadic groups - the Bedouins and the Mongols - had a huge impact on the course of history during this era.
A new religion - Islam - began in the 7th century and spread rapidly throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Whereas Europe was not a major civilization area before 600 CE, by 1450 it was connected to major trade routes, and some of its kingdoms were beginning to assert world power.
Major empires developed in both South America (the Inca) and Mesoamerica (the Maya and Aztec.) China grew to have hegemony over many other areas of Asia and became one of the largest and most prosperous empires of the time. Long distance trade continued to develop along previous routes, but the amount and complexity of trade and contact increased significantly. *

14. YouTube: America Before Columbus - Click here for the entire playlist

15. YouTube: Bettany Hughes - The Ancient Worlds - Athens - The Truth about Democracy

16. Historian Bettany Hughes reveals the hidden history of women in religion, from dominatrix goddesses to feisty political operators and warrior empresses.
In this provocative upcoming series, Bettany tells the stories of the extraordinary women whose legends and lives cast new light on some of the hottest arguments about the role of women in religion today.
Drawing on cutting edge scholarship and archaeological evidence, she reveals what her favourite women in religion tell us about the lives of the real flesh and blood women of their day.
The series tells the story of the relationship between women and religion from 9000 BC onwards. The female of the species has always formed 50% of the population but has never occupied 50% of human history.
Yet the connection between women and the divine has been so strong in all societies that when we follow the stories of 'divine women' we uncover new evidence for the character of humanity and a fuller, truer history of the world.

17. YouTube: Bettany Hughes - Divine Women - "The War of the World" - Women and Religion

18. YouTube: Chinese Dynasties (Vogue)

19. 3. Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 CE to 1450 CE
It begins with the birth of Mohammed. Islam is the story of the Post-Classical period. Mostly because so many other stories are contingent upon it. Pay attention to how the religion operates as both a spiritual and secular force. We started with three principal classical civilizations and in this period we will see those three expand to breed other civilizations,
The world gets more complicated now. This is the period of "World Religions", belief systems being exported like trade goods. As you might imagine, at times, it causes some problems.
Interregional to Global Networking. The establishment of interregional trade networks that link areas far more expansive than we saw during the Classical Period. It ends with the new extended use of the Printing Press.

20. 3. Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 CE to 1450 CE
This era includes only 300 years, but some profound and long-lasting changes
occurred. During this period the two hemispheres were linked for the first time in world history and long-distance trade became truly worldwide.
Characteristics of the time period include: The globe was encompassed - For the first time the western hemisphere came into continued contact with the eastern hemisphere. Technological innovations, strengthened political organization, and economic prosperity all contributed to this change that completely altered world trade patterns.
Sea-based trade rose in proportion to land-based trade - Technological advancements and willingness of political leaders to invest in it meant that sea-based trade became much more important. As a result, old land-based empires lost relative power to the new sea-based powers.
European kingdoms emerged that gained world power - The relative power and prosperity of Europe increased dramatically during this time in comparison to empires in the longer-established civilization areas. However, Europe did not entirely eclipse powerful empires in Southwest Asia, Africa, and East Asia.

21. 3. Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 CE to 1450 CE
The relative power of nomadic groups declined - Nomads continued to play an
important role in trade and cultural diffusion, and they continued to threaten the
borders of the large land-based empires. However, their power dwindled as travel
and trade by water became more important.
Labor systems were transformed - The acquisition of colonies in North and South America led to major changes in labor systems. After many Amerindians died from disease transmitted by contact with Europeans, a vigorous slave trade from Africa began and continued throughout most of the era. Slave labor became very important all over the Americas. Other labor systems, such as the mita and encomienda in South America, were adapted from previous native traditions by the Spanish and Portuguese.
"Gunpowder Empires" emerged in the Middle East and Asia - Empires in older
civilization areas gained new strength from new technologies in weaponry. Basing
their new power on "gunpowder," they still suffered from the old issues that had
plagued land-based empires for centuries: defense of borders, communication within
the empire, and maintenance of an army adequate to defend the large territory. By
the end of the era, many were less powerful than the new sea-based kingdoms of Europe.

22. YouTube: Engineering an Empire - China

23. YouTube: Crash Course World History - Islam

24. YouTube: Crash Course World History - Mansa Musa & Africa

25. YouTube: Crash Course World History - The Mongols 1206–1368

26. 4. Global Interactions 1450 CE -1750 CE
In the preceding era trade was existent but was slow, different regions were connected but there wasn't a true, complete feeling of globalization. 
In the pre-modern era, trade increased significantly due to maritime exploration by Europeans, who sought silver, sugar, slaves and converts.
Era of Absolute Rulers.
New ideals of government arose and led to revolutions in the Modern Period which replaced those Absolute monarchs.
It begins with the beginning of the extended use of the printing press to spread information and new ideas and with the discovery of the NEW WORLD.
It ends with the coming Industrial Revolution and the extensive use of the steam engine in industry and agriculture.

27. 4. Global Interactions 1450 CE -1750 CE
Search for faster ways to trade routes of the Indian Ocean led to:
- Inclusion of Americas in global trade network
- Beginning of true globalization
- Columbian Exchange of goods, disease, and cultures spreads throughout the world
Improvements in/spread of shipping technologies and gunpowder weapons allow European countries to exercise larger role in world affairs
Millions of Native Americans die due to exposure to previously unknonwn European diseases
African people are forcibly transported across Atlanic Ocean to fill need for forced labor on planations.
New social structures emerge:
- In Americas, they're based on race
- Few women exert power publicly, but women often wield considerable power behind the scenes.

28. 4. Global Interactions 1450 CE -1750 CE
In Europe, Renaissance and Reformation challenge previously accepted beliefs and power of Roman Catholic Church
In other parts of the world, like China, reaffirmation of more traditional beliefs (Confucianism) is viewed as key to stability
Empires stretch their power
- Spain & Portugal conquer and control Americas
- Dominant land-based empires: Ottoman, Mughal, & Qing
- Major empires:
Ottoman,
Mughal India, 1523-mid-1700s
Songhay (Africa),
Kongo (Africa), 1300s-1600s
Spanish/Portugese overseas expansion/empire 1500s-early 1800s
Qing Dynasty China,
Russian Empire,
Japan (Tokugawa),

29. YouTube: Engineering an Empire - The Aztecs

30. Youtube: Black Death (Hollaback Girl) "Fleas on Rats"

31. 5. Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 CE – 1900 CE
This period begins with the Industrial Revolution and ends with the logical conclusion of Industrialization and Imperialism – The First World War – WWI.
It is a time when nations attempted to expand into empire in an effort to capture raw materials for industry and to find markets for their manufactured goods.
REVOLUTION!!
Industrialization led to interdepence.
Factors leading to industrialization:
- Technical knowledge/innovation
- Large population as workforce
- Natural resources
- Money to build factories
- Stable capitalist minded governments

32. 5. Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 CE – 1900 CE
Industrialized nations in search of raw materials, new markets imperialized areas to protect economic interests
Populations grew, people migrated to cities in search of work in factories:
- Free-wage laborers more desirable than forced labor in market-driven economy; slaves & serfs were emancipated
Women worked in factories but were paid considerably less than men; economic opportunities and Enlightenment ideals pushed women to fight for political rights
Working class emerged as force for change; workers advocated for improved working conditions through organization into unions.

33. 5. Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 CE – 1900 CE
Western culture strongly influenced many Asian and African areas through colonization
Enlightenment ideals became influential in many parts of the world; ideas said government was responsible to its people, inspiring revolutions and independence movements, pushing some governments to experiment with democratic values.
- Equality, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion
In other parts of the world, traditional religious organizations maintained power and influence
Democracy extended to limited class of people
"The Nation" and nationalism became new concepts of identity in the 19th century; spread to many parts of the world
Imperialims left legacies: Migration, Indentured Servitude, Racism, Social Darwinism

34. Andrew Marr's History of the World - Age of Industry
In the seventh episode of this landmark series charting the story of human civilisation, Andrew Marr tells how Britain's Industrial Revolution created the modern world.
The old agricultural order of aristocratic landowners, serfs and peasant farmers was replaced by a new world of machines, cities and industrialists. Across the world, many resisted this sweeping change. From China to America, Russia to Japan, bitter battles were fought between the modernisers and those who rejected the new way of life.
In Europe, new industrial powers competed with each other to create vast empires which dominated the world. But this intense competition would lead to the industrial-scale slaughter and destruction of the First World War.

35. YouTube: Andrew Marr's History of the World - Age of Industry

36. 6. Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to Today
Two world wars and the Cold War marked the conflicts of the Twentieth Century.
Atomic Bomb and other WMDs.
TECHNOLOGY!!! SPACE!!!!
Rise and fall of Communism
GLOBALIZATION
ENERGY DOMINATONS. Rise of OPEC and Arab nations.
Populations continually moved and shifted.
Communications in the form of telegraphs, radio, movies, telephones, television and computers highlight the era.
Internet

37. 6. Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to Today
With improved healthcare and decreased death rates, world population grew from 1 billion in 1900 to 6 billion +
Movement of people increased. Many in search of better economic opportunities; some refugees forced to leave homelands
Traditional social structures challenged as a result of movements that attempted to empower working and peasant classes, like introduction of communist governmets
Women gained right to vote in many parts of world and access to new ecomomic opportunites and education; development of birth control pill further empowered women
World became integrated through technology, cultures blended, some came to dominate others
Religious fundamentalism developed in some regions, possibly to combat Western-dominated global culture.

38. 6. Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to Today
Rise in nation-state and nationalism led to adoption of political systems from totalitarianism to democracy
World wars demonstrated influence of technology on warfare, also marked decline of Europe as global power
Colonial areas asserted themselves and fought for indendence but were later involved in new global conflict called the Cold War ("Third World" Wars in Global South - Vietnam, Korea, Latin/South America, Africa, SE Asia)
Since end of Cold War, nations have attempted both economic and political reforms; international and multinational organizations have attempted to find new world order
Rise of more globally connected world may blur lines of nation-state

39. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's War of the World, Episode I - Clash of Empires

40. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's The War of the World - Episode II - The Plan

41. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's The War of the World - Episode 3 - Killing Space

42. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's The War of the World - Episode 4 - A Tainted Victory

43. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's The War of the World - Episode 5 - The Icebox

44. YouTube: Niall Ferguson's The War of the World - Episode 6 - The Descent of the West