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EET 422 EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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The Low Voltage Directive (LVD)
73/23/EEC adopted on 19th February 1973 based on article 95 of the EC Treaty purpose free EUROPEAN movement of electrical equipment “Total Harmonisation” and “Total Safety” Directive Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
EUROPEAN MILESTONES 1973 Low Voltage Directive Harmonised Standards Notified Bodies 1980 Standardisation a useful tool for legislators 1985 The New Approach 1989 Global Approach and CE Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
1972 European Communities Act 19/Feb/1973 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive ratified probably the first EN Harmonised Directive but as it did not include CE marking is regarded as an 'Old Approach Directive' 1974 Health & Safety at Work Act May/1985 New Approach to Technical Harmonisation and Standards agreed to achieve free movement of goods in Europe resulting in New Approach Directives that set out in general terms the essential requirements. European standards fill in the detail for ‘ essential requirements' 1987 Consumer Protection Act 1989 Low Voltage Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1989 22/July/1993 93/68/EEC CE Marking Directive adopted introduced as set of Harmonised rules re CE marking 1994 Electrical Equipment (Safety )Regulations 1994 replaces the 1989 Regulations and implements into UK Law the modified Low Voltage Directive 9/Jan/1995 transition period for the 1994 Regulations starts 1/Jan/1997 LVD compliance mandatory Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
VOLTAGE LIMITS AC V V DC V V LOW VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT X X Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
SAFETY HAZARDS HAZARD SOURCE SOLUTION Electric Shock exposed parts accessible parts insulation failure insulation physical barrier Energy Hazards batteries large capacitors levels >240VA barriers Fire hot components flammable materials over current protection temperature limitation choice of materials Radiation design for safety Mechanical Hazards Chemical Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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Market Surveillance in Europe
metal lampholder lack of insulation Technical Investigations visual inspection request DOC testing by Test House shock risk Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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LVD SCOPE conformity assessment procedure for equipment
prior to being placed on the market Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) directly or by means of Harmonised Standards relationship to other Directives Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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HARMONISED STANDARDS ARE NOT MANDATORY
ROUTES to COMPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS apply Harmonised Standards apply their own technical specifications HARMONISED STANDARDS ARE NOT MANDATORY Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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MANUFACTURERS or REPRESENTATIVE
ROUTES to COMPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS or REPRESENTATIVE must provide technical documentation (defined in the Directive) to assess compliance a Declaration of Conformity a declaration that the product satisfies the requirements of all relevant Directives reference to relevant Directives and Harmonised Standards reference to the NOTIFIED BODY if applicable Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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DECLARATION of CONFORMITY
EC declaration of conformity all relevant information reference to relevant directives manufacturer or authorised representative identification product identification description design manufacture procedures to ensure conformity Notified Body (if applicable) reference to harmonised standards or normative documents date of issue of the declaration Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
DOCUMENTATION general description of the electrical equipment design and manufacture drawings diagrams: components subassemblies circuits drawings and diagrams plus the operation of the electrical equipment descriptions and explanations list of the standards used description of the solutions employed when standards have not been applied design calculation results checks carried out manufacturer or a third party test reports Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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LVD MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
NOT for OWN USE EQUIPMENT Total Safety Approach lower/upper voltage limits MANUFACTURERS EQUIPMENT for OWN USE MUST COMPLY universal scope except basic components no 3rd party involvement declaration of conformity does not accompany the product based on International Standards EN IEC NATIONAL Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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European Liability Directive 1999/34/EC Enforced by the member states
Certification Bodies NO Liability MANUFACTURERS AWAYS LIABLE Regulations and jurisdiction in all other countries Additional National Regulations Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING
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