1. SPC/FAO Workshop on Climate Change June 5th to 8th
Key messages and outcomes of relevance to small scale fisheries

2. SPC/FAO Workshop on Climate Change
Fifteen PICTs, senior fisheries officers, national focal points for climate change and disaster risk management in PICTs, Not-for-profit organisations and Funding bodies
The objective: i) Use information from a comprehensive vulnerability assessment of climate change implications for fisheries to ii) identify priority actions

3. How much fish do we eat?
Fish consumption in rural areas (kg/person/year) % %
Animal protein
50-94 %
Subsistence fishing
47-91 % 90
150 98 50
>150 61
115 62 43 25 21 55 33 75 77 % % % 11 % 11 % 10 %
Examples only
Range x-y%
Source: Bell et al. (2009), Gillett (2009)

4. Plans to use fish for food security
Provide 35 kg of fish per person per year
Maintain traditional fish consumption where it is >35 kg

5. Factors affecting availability of fish
Population growth
Year
Population
2012 10
2035 15
2050 18
2100
27?
(million)
Source: SPC Statistics for Development Programme

6. Effects of population growth on availability of fish per person35 32 26 3 9 10 20 30 40 50
Fiji
35 kg
Year
2035
2050
2100
Availability of reef fish per person (kg) 28 22 14 7 13 21 10 20 30 40 50
Solomon Islands
35 kg
Year
2035
2050
2100
Availability of reef fish per person (kg)

7. Effects of climate change
2035 (-2 to -5%)
(-20%)
2100 (-20 to -50%)
Today

8. Additional effects of climate change35 34 32 28 26 20 3 7 9 15 10 30 40 50
Fiji
35 kg
Year
2035
2050
2100
Availability of reef fish per capita (kg) 28 22 19 14 11 7 13 16 21 24 10 20 30 40 50
Solomon Islands
35 kg
Year
2035
2050
2100
Availability of reef fish per capita (kg)
Effects of population growth
Additional effects of climate change

9. How best to fill the gap?
Fish needed for food security tonnes (x1000)
Coastal fisheries Freshwater fisheries Pond aquaculture Tuna (and bycatch)

10. Key facts
Population growth will have a much stronger effect on availability of fish from reef fisheries than climate change
Shortages of reef fish will occur in many PICTs
Most of the gap will need to be filled by tuna

11. Adaptations and policies
Practical measures are needed to minimise and fill the gap

12. Adaptation decision framework
Addresses climate change
Long-term Loss
Long-term Gain
Lose-Lose X
Lose-Win
Win-Win x
Near-term Loss
Addresses present drivers
Win-Lose
Near-term Gain
After Grafton (2010)

13. Win-win adaptations to minimise gap
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Manage and restore vegetation cover in catchments
Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats
The following measures should help reduce the threats to the food security and livelihood benefits derived from coastal fisheries.

14. Win-win adaptations to minimise gap
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Sustain production of fish stocks
Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species

15. Win-win adaptations to fill gap
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)

16. Win-win adaptations to fill gap
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Improve post-harvest methods

17. Win-win adaptations to fill the gap
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic species ?

18. Other adaptations Moratoriums to rebuild sea cucumber fisheries L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Moratoriums to rebuild sea cucumber fisheries

19. Suggested supporting policies
Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality
Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal and freshwater stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment

20. Suggested supporting policies
Restrict export of reef fish to retain them for national food security (does not apply to deepwater snapper)
Increase access to tuna for the food security by reducing national allocations to industrial fleets

21. Key investments
Revegetation of catchments to trap sediment and maintain riparian (stream side) buffer zones
Implement community-based ecosystem approach to fisheries management

22. Key investments Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs
Programmes to install and maintain FADs
Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing

23. Conclusions
Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities
Supporting policies and investments are needed
Integrate adaptations, policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change, including community-based actions supported by partners

24. Thank you